Textures surface roughness

ASME B46.1-1995 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay). ISO 1302 1994 Technical Drawings — Method of indicating surface texture. ISO 4288 1996 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture Profile method — Rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture. ISO 12085 1996 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture Profile method — Motif parameters. 

B46.1 (2002) Surface texture, surface roughness, waviness and lay. ASME, New York... 

We have described two possible mechanisms amplifying the hydrophobic properties of a solid by means of a surface texture. Surface roughness can readily make a solid more hydrophobic (Wenzel s relation, equation (9.3)] it can also promote the formation of air pockets under a drop, which further reinforces the hydrophobic nature of the surface [equation (9.9)]. It is important to know in practice which of the two mechanisms applies. 

B46.1 (2002) Surface Texture, Surface Roughness, Waviness and Lay, ASME, USA... 

ASME ANSI B46.1-2002 Surface Texture, Surface Roughness, VJaviness, and Lay... 

These materials are designed to reduce water from condensation dripping on equipment, etc. They often incorporate particles of cork so that water is absorbed. They are generally thick films to provide some insulation and have a rough textured surface finish to increase the surface area and encourage water evaporation. In general, physical methods of prevention such as adequate ventilation, etc. are more effective. 

The texture or crystal size of phosphate coatings can conveniently be recorded by making an impression on clear cellulose tape moistened with acetone. Uniformity of crystal size is of importance for coatings which are to resist wear and assist metal working. Surface roughness may also be studied by means of a Talysurf meter. 

The first example given in Fig. 15 compares the solutions for the ground surface with transverse texture and r.m.s. set as 0.1 /am. It can be seen from Fig. 15(a) that surface roughness causes significant fluctuations in film thick-... 

Artists use many different types of paper to create their artwork. Artists using watercolor, for example, paint on paper that is specially designed for this medium. Watercolor paper may be rough in texture, medium textured, or smooth. Rough- and medium-surfaced papers are called cold press (CP) paper because the textured surface is effected by rolling the newly formed sheet through a set of cold rollers. Smooth-surfaced paper is called hot press (HP) paper because the newly formed sheet is rolled through a set of hot rollers to effect a smooth surface. 

Penetrating finishes such as stains and water-repellent preservatives ( 7,8) leave little or no continuous coating on wood surface. Because there is no coating, there is no failure by blistering or peeling. These finishes are ideally suited for rough-textured surfaces difficult to paint effectively. 

The overall recommendation for the roller compaction system design that minimizes bypass is to employ a higher surface roughness or textured surface on the rolls, rolls oriented similar to vi or vii, and to conduct an assessment of vacuum deaeration. 

Water balance models have frequently been used to examine the surface runoff from watersheds. Some of these models, focused more on climate change, are called Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer Schemes (SVATs) (Vordsmarty and Peterson, 2000). These model simulations use different parameters such as vegetation cover, soil texture (different sizes of mineral particles), water-holding capacity of soils, surface roughness, and albedo (the fraction of light reflected by a body or surface), to make predictions on... 

SVATs are simulated models that use parameters such as vegetation cover, soil texture, water-holding capacity of soils, surface roughness, and albedo, to make predictions on soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and runoff. 

Because of the low absorption coefficient of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon, it is mandatory to optimize light scattering within thin film silicon solar cells by the use of suitably textured (rough) interfaces and surfaces. This paragraph comments about the ideal surface roughness for ZnO layers deposited by CVD, and used as front or back contacts within amorphous, microcrystalline (and micromorph) solar cells. 

Finally, as it is not possible to experimentally test all the various kinds of surface textures within actual solar cell configurations, it can be useful to use numerical simulations, in order to evaluate the best combination of surface textures and roughness for both front and back TOO layers. The method usually applied for such simulations is to take the main optical properties of each layer of the solar cell (absorption, thickness, haze factor, ADF, surface roughness,. ..), and then to put them all together in order to compute the quantum efficiency curve of the resulting solar cell. Such a task of optically simulating solar cells is very complex and beyond the scope of the present chapter. However, it is important to note here that a numerical simulation is always only an imperfect tool and can in no way fully replace experimental work and measurements on actual solar cells. 

---