Textiles and Nonwovens

Fabrics that are woven together from thread or yam are referred to as textiles, whereas shorter fibres bound together in a random, porous fashion are called nonwovens. In either case, crosslinkable latexes are extensively used as binders to improve stability, durability, and chemical resistance (205), and flame retardance (413). Acrylic copolymers are the most common class of binders, although other copolymers, such as styrene-butadiene or ethylene-vinyl acetate (242, 255) copolymers are often used when required by cost (247) or performance. The softness (flexibility) or hardness (strength) of the fabric is controlled through the glass transition temperature of the latex binder. 

Household textiles must be stain resistant and be able to withstand repeated washings without substantial degradation. Latexes are used as binders to lock the interwoven threads together and coat them with a thin protective layer. The water-repellence of the fabric is improved by the hydrophobicity of the latex binder. 

Nonwovens are formed as sheets from natural or synthetic fibres by dry, wet, or spin-laying operations. The fibres are bound together mechanically by entanglement, thermally by softening synthetics, or chemically by binding with latexes. Both disposable products (such as the lining in diapers) and durable products (such as carpet backing) are made from nonwoven materials. 

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CeroL [Auschem SpA] Wax emulsions or other blends anticaking and antidusting agent ftx- fertilizers, water repellent for textiles and nonwovens. 

The main properties and characterization techniques used in the polyolefin textiles and nonwoven industry will be discussed, and the terminology used by the industry will also be introduced in a simple and easy-to-understand manner. 

Finally, the chapter will discuss some recent trends in the technology development and applications of polyolefins in textiles and nonwovens. 

Polyolefins are increasingly becoming an integral part of the textile and nonwoven industries. Even though they have not historically enjoyed the same fame achieved by polyester and nylon in synthetic fiber applications, polyolefins offer... 

The focus in this chapter will be on the two main polyolefin polymers, namely polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). The latter especially has established itself as a very versatile fiber with unique applications in the textile and nonwoven industry. Polyethylene, on the other hand, has not been widely used as a fiber compared to other synthetic polymers such as PET, PP, and nylon, due in part to its low melting point. This chapter will, however, discuss ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber that given its success and uniqueness in the synthetic fiber industry. 

Uses Acrylic for paper coatings, general textile and nonwoven coatings Features Self-crosslinking Properties MFT 22 0 Tg 33 0 46% solids AcryGen 3045 [OMNOVA Sohns.)... 

Chem. Descrip. Acrylic disps. and emulsions Uses Binder for decorative paints, adhesives, textiles and nonwoven materials, leather, pulp/paper, etc. 

A World Survey on Textile and Nonwovens Industry, Oerlikon, Switzerland... 

As for viscose fibres, these are mostly produced as staple fibres for textile and nonwoven applications. In 2011, world production was 3.246 million tons [49] while filament yam for textile and technical applications reached 332 000 tons in 2011 [49] with a share of technical yarns of 56 000 tons. Technical viscose fibres, also called rayon or viscose rayon, are used mainly as carcass reinforcing fibres in fast-running and run-flat tyres. Lyocell fibres are produced only as staple and virtually exclusively by Lenzing AG, Austria, with a production capacity of 140 000 tons in 2011 [50]. 

D Rigby Associates. Technical textiles and nonwovens world market forecasts for 2010. www.davidrigbyassociates.co.uk cited by Zhon W, Reddy N, Yang Y. Overview of protective market, In Scott RA, editor. Textiles for protection. Cambridge Woodhead Publishing 2005. p. 3-30. 

Fagan, J.P. and Wadsworth, L.C. (1991) Meltblowing Process and Characteristics of Fluoropolymers, Textiles and Nonwoven Development Center, University of Tennessee, February 1991. 

Life Sri Italy. Development and manufacture of silver-coated manmade staple fiber and filaments for textile and nonwovens applications in industrial, safety, and medical products... 

New Fibers Textile Corp. Taiwan. Development, manufacture, and marketing of a range of specialty silver and copper-coated fibers and filaments for high-performance technical and industrial textile and nonwoven fabrics in clean room, protection, filtration, geotechnical, carpet, and specialty apparel applications. Extensive technical information... 

Textiles and Nonwovens Development Center, University of Tennessee (Knoxville, Tenn.). Textile Research Institute, Princeton University (Princeton, N.J.). 

China Nonwovens Technical Association - CNTA (www.cnta.org) Technical Textiles and Nonwovens Association - TTNA (www.ttna.com.au)... 

There are various national and international standard systems (NWSP, ISO, EN, BS, ASTM, ATTCC) for textiles and nonwovens. 

Shishoo, D.R., 2011. High-performance textiles and nonwovens are targeted for growth. Specialty Fabr. Rev. https //secure.ifai.com/sfreview/articles/0311 wv asia potential.html. 

Fagan, J. R, and Wadsworth, L. C., Melt Blown Processing and Characterization of Halar Fluo-ropolymers, Textiles and Nonwovens Development Center, The U. of Teimessee, pp. 1-15, Feb. 28, 1991. 

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