Textile fibers INDEX

In general, textile fibers should be optically opaque so that their refractive indexes need to be significantly different from those of their most common environments, namely, air and water. Luster and color are two optical properties that relate to a fiber s aesthetic quatity and consumer acceptance. 

The elasticity of a fiber describes its abiUty to return to original dimensions upon release of a deforming stress, and is quantitatively described by the stress or tenacity at the yield point. The final fiber quaUty factor is its toughness, which describes its abiUty to absorb work. Toughness may be quantitatively designated by the work required to mpture the fiber, which may be evaluated from the area under the total stress-strain curve. The usual textile unit for this property is mass pet unit linear density. The toughness index, defined as one-half the product of the stress and strain at break also in units of mass pet unit linear density, is frequentiy used as an approximation of the work required to mpture a fiber. The stress-strain curves of some typical textile fibers ate shown in Figure 5. 

Another property, used to compare the flammabiUty of textile fibers, is the limiting oxygen index (LOI). This measured quantity describes the minimum oxygen content (%) in nitrogen necessary to sustain candle-like burning. Values of LOI, considered a measure of the intrinsic flammabiUty of a fiber, are Hsted in Table 2 in order of decreasing flammabiUty. 

Table 2. Limiting Oxygen Index of Textile Fibers...

Classification by usage or appHcation is the principal system adopted by the Colour Index (5). Because the most important textile fibers are cotton (qv) and polyester, the most important dye types are those used for dyeing these two fibers, including polyester—cotton blends (see Fibers, polyester). 

The birefringence of textile fibers provides a measure of the molecular orientation of the polymer chain of the fiber. It might also be something of an indicator of the degree of crystallinity of the polymer chain. Birefringence is the difference between the refractive indices of the fiber in a direction parallel to the fiber axis and in a direction at right angles to the fiber axis. Details of how this refractive index is obtained are discussed elsewhere [3], but briefly the fiber is mounted in a liquid whose refractive index is known (or has been previously determined) and the fiber is then examined in plane-polarized monochromatic... 

The polybenzimidazole fiber PBl was originally developed as a flame-resistant textile fiber for the US aerospace program. Because of their high oxygen index, they... 

CAS 5205-93-6 EINECS/ELINCS 226-002-3 Uses Adhesion promoter, mfg. of quats, improves dyeability of textile fibers, photopolymer plates, photoresists, paint resins and emulsions, oil additives, electro dipcoats, rubber modifiers, dental compds. Properties Pt-Co 50 max. clear liq. ester-like odor m.w. 170 sp.gr. 0.94 vise. 28 cps (20 C) b.p. 134 C flash pt. 140 C ref. index 1.478 (20 C) 98.5% min. purity 0.1% water content Toxicology TSCA listed Storage 3 mos shelf life 30 C max. 

Part II Function/Application Index grafting, textile fibers... 

Uses Basestock for syn. lubricants (gear oils, engine lubes, compressor, hydraulic fluids, mandrel/mold release, textile fiber, machine, greases) foam control agent plasticizer chem. Intermediate rubber mold release agent Properties LIq. Insol. In water sp.gr. 0.9831 vise. 40.5 cSt (40 C), 8.1 cSt (100 C) pour pt. 48 C ref. Index 1.4444... 

Uses Emulsifier, detergent, dispersant, and wetting agent for scouring of natural and syn. textile fibers, leather, paint, textile, and pulp and paper industries base surfactant for household and industrial detergents Properties Cl. liq. sp.gr. 0.986 vise. 34 cps HLB 12 cloud pt. 48-52 C (1% aq.) ref index 1.4532 100% act. 

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