Texaco Winkler process

So far only the Koppers - Totzek, Texaco and Lurgi gasifiers, and probably the Winkler process in some smaller installations, have been used in ammonia plants, but the successful demonstration of the Shell process in other applications make it a potential candidate for ammonia production, too. Additional processes in different stages of technical development are the HTW and the Dow process. Information on the status and the development in the gasification of coal can be obtained from [541], [545], [548] -[554],... 

Winkler process, the Koppers-Totzek process, and the Texaco process. Downstream adjustment and treatment of the raw product gases is required when these processes are used to supply feedstock or cofeedstock to a typical low-pressure methanol process operating at 220 to 270°C and 5.066 to 10.132 MPa (50 to 100 atm). A few of the operating details of these and other commercial coal gasification processes are presented here. 

Plants based on partial oxidation of heavy fuel oil by the Shell process are described in [166-168] and by the Texaco process in [163-165, 169]. Coal based plants using the Koppers-Totzek process are described in [187,188], the Winkler process in [202], and the Texaco process in [213-219]. Catalysts for coal based ammonia plants are discussed in [810], and problems in synthesis gas purification in [811,812]. Complete process concepts are discussed in [179,182, 813-818]. 

The processes and equipment currently available for producing Medium-Btu Gas include the Lurgi, Koppers-Totzek, Winkler, and possbily the Texaco process. Only Koppers-Totzek is able to process the eastern caking coals, but all can work on western coal. In spite of the commercially available technology, there are no Medium-Btu plants in this country. In contrast, there are as many as a hundred operating plants overseas. 

Process Lurgi Dry ash Winkler Koppers/ Totzek Lurgi Slagging ash Shell/ Koppers Saarberg Otto Texaco U. Gn.x... 

Typical processes Lurgi BGL Winkler, HTW, CFB KRW, U-Gas Shell, Texaco, E-Gas, Noell, KT... 

Brief descriptions of commercial gasification processes can be found in the literature 4-8 gasification with steam (Exxon process), gasification with oxygen or air (Koppers-Totzek and Prenflo processes), and gasification with steam/oxygen or air mixtures (Shell, Winkler and Texaco processes). 

Winkler Texaco Fluidized bed reactor -900°C latm Entrained bed reactor - 1200°C 20-80 atm 3 42 36 18 Higher pressure process (15 atm) under development Commercially successful process for partial oxidation of fuel oil to synthesis gas being developed to handle coal as coal/water or coal/oil slurries... 

Q>al gasification processes for ammonia production can be classified according to the method of gasification as fixed-bed G-urgi), fluidized bed (Winkler), or entrained bed (Koppers-Totzek and Texaco). Tne so-called fixed bed ga cation is more accurately called a moving bed. Lump coal (5-30 mm) is charged at the top arxi descends countercurrently to the gas stream. As it descends, it is first dried and preheated, then carbonized, and fi-... 

There are currently three industrially-proven methods for coal gasification, namely fixed-bed gasification (e.g. Lurgi), fluidized bed reactors (e.g. Fritz Winkler (BASF)) and entrained bed processes (e.g. Texaco, Koppers-Toizt, Other processes are being developed, e.g. coal gasification in an iron bath. 

Four gasification processes are currently in large-scale commercial operation the Lurgi moving-bed dry ash system, the Koppers-Totzek (GKT) entrained system, the Texaco entrained-flow system, and the Winkler fluidized-bed system. More detailed discussions of individual installations appear later in this section. Table 3-1 summarizes the total number of gasifiers of each type. 

High Temperature Winkler, and Shell. These technologies and their demonstration projects are reviewed in the guide. The East German GSP system could also be considered a demonstration technology. However, it is not reviewed because of the low interest in this system in North America. In addition, the GSP process is similar to entrained-flow technologies such as Shell and Texaco. 

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