Winkler FLUIDIZATION

High-Temperature Winkler Fluidized-Bed Coal Gasification Process. 2-16... 

Four gasification processes are currently in large-scale commercial operation the Lurgi moving-bed dry ash system, the Koppers-Totzek (GKT) entrained system, the Texaco entrained-flow system, and the Winkler fluidized-bed system. More detailed discussions of individual installations appear later in this section. Table 3-1 summarizes the total number of gasifiers of each type. 

Figures 1 and 2 show the process routes for methanol synthesis. The first one is based on a fluidized bed and includes a pressurized gasifier (Winkler type) that produces a very clean gas, practically free of tars and other impurities from wood distillation. The second route is based on a fixed bed...

Fluidized-bed technology was founded in 1922 by Winkler [99] for coal gasification, but has since been extended into many areas of applications which require different constructions of fluidized-bed apparatus. Typical examples of these are described in Refs. [7] and [93],... 

The original fluidized-bed reactor was the Winkler coal gasifier (patented 1922), followed in 1940 by the Esso cracker that has now been replaced by riser reactors with zeolite catalysts. 

HTW [High-Temperature Winkler] A process for gasifying coal, using oxygen and steam in a fluidized bed. An improved version of the Winkler process, differing from it by being operated... 

All the industrial processes are autothermal, 30 to 40% of the coal utilized being burnt to attain the required high reaction temperatures. This is also the case for the Lurgi pressure gasification process carried out in a mechanically agitated solid bed at ca. 1200°C (as used e.g. in Sasolburg in South Africa), for the Koppers-Totzek process in which the coal is used in the form of flyash (atmospheric pressure, 1400 to 1600°C) and for the Winkler process operating with a pressureless fluidized bed at 800 to 1100°C. 

---