Tex system

ISO 1144. 1971- Textiles Universal. system for designating linear density (tex system). 

ISO 2947. 197.1 Textiles Integrated conversion table for replacing traditional yarn numbers by rounded values in the Tex system. 

ASTM D 861 95 Use of the Tex system to de.signate linear density of fibres, yarn intermediates, and yarns. 

This unit is cailed tex and is the basis for the international tex system. The abbreviation for the mass per length is Tt. This means 1 tex is the fineness of a fiber or yarn of 1000 m length weighing 1 g. 

Within the tex system, further decimal multiples and ratios are commonly used. Table 3.5 summarizes the most commonly used units. 

The rule for measurement of fineness in the tex system is the larger the value, the coarser the yarn. Figure 3.36 gives an overview of various fibers and their fineness values. 

DIN 60 900, T 2 (1988), Game. Zwirne, Game, Beschreibimg im Tex-System, Beuth-Verlag, Berlin,... 

DIN 60 905, T1 (1985), Textilindustrie, Tex-System, Grundlagen, Beuth Verlag, Berlin, Germany... 

High Tena.city Sta.ple Fibers. When stronger staple fibers became marketable, the tire yam processes were adapted to suit the high productivity staple fiber processes. Improved staple fibers use a variant of the mixed modifier approach to reach 0.26 N /tex (3 gf/den). The full 0.4 N /tex (4.5 gf/den) potential of the chemistry is uimecessary for the target end uses and difficult to achieve on the regular staple production systems. 

Chemical Cutter Bulletin, Pipe Recovery Systems, Houston, Tex., 1993. 

The multiplicity of nylon blends, processing systems, and uses requires a large variety of staple types. Tex per filament may be 0.1—2 (1—20 den), the cross section may be round or modified, the luster may be bright or dull, crimp may be present or absent, and the fiber may be heat-set or not, depending on its use. The staple length is about 4 cm for cotton system processing, 5—7 cm for the woolen system, 8—10 cm for the worsted system, and about 18—20 cm for carpet staple. 

TRCTHERMO database, TRC Thermodynamics Tables Hydrocarbons and Non-Hydrocarbons, Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A M University System, College Station, Tex., July 1993. 

N. L. Conger, "Designing Safety Shutdown Systems A Systematic Approach," Proceeding of Instrument Society of America Conference, ISA/73, Paper 73-756, Houston, Tex., 1973. 

W. E. Kenney, Proceedings of Industrial Energy Conservation Technology Conference, Eaergy Systems Laboratory, Texas A and M University, College Station, Tex., 1981, p. 247. 

A. V. Levy, ed.. Proceedings of the Corrosion Erosion Coal Conversion Systems Materials Conference, National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, Tex., 1979. 

Pollutants that require an unusually high level of control or that require the fabric filter bags or the unit itself to be constructed of special materials, such as Gore-Tex or stainless steel, will increase the costs of the system. The additional costs for controlling more complex waste streams are not reflected in the estimates given below. For these types of systems, the capital cost could increase by as much as 75 % and the operational and maintenance (O M cost could increase by as much as 20%. 

See the NACE Papers Oliver W. Siebert, Correlation of Laboratory Electrochemical Investigations with Field Applications of Anodic Protection, Materials Performance, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 38-43, February 1981 Anodic Protection, Materials Performance, vol. 28, no. 11, p. 28, November 1989, adapted by NACE from Corrosion Basics— An Introduction. (Houston, Tex. NACE, 1984, pp. 105-107) J. Ian Munro and Winston W. Shim, Anodic Protection— Its Operation and Appheations, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 22-24, May 2001 and a two-part series, J. Ian Munro, Anodic Protection of White and Green Kraft Liquor Tankage, Part I, Electrochemistry of Kraft Liquors, and Part 11, Anodic Protection Design and System Operation, Materials Performance, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 22-26, February 2002, and vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 24-28, March 2002. 

A system of designating the fineness (linear density) of yams and fibres. It was proposed for universal adoption, to supersede the multiplicity of existing systems of yam counts. The Tex unit is the weight in grams of 1000 metres of yam. A 23s cotton becomes 25.6 tex and a 1260 denier yam becomes 140 tex. See Count and Denier. Textiles... 

Yam count or number defines the relationship between yam weight and length. On one system it is the number of times a standard length of the yam is contained in 1 lb weight, e.g., a 23s cotton yam is one of such a thickness that 23 hanks each 840 yards long weigh 1 lb. See Denier and Tex. Yarn Number... 

Solutions in hand for the reference pairs, it is useful to write out empirical smoothing expressions for the rectilinear densities, reduced density differences, and reduced vapor pressures as functions of Tr and a, following which prediction of reduced liquid densities and vapor pressures is straightforward for systems where Tex and a (equivalently co) are known. If, in addition, the critical property IE s, ln(Tc /Tc), ln(PcVPc), and ln(pcVPc), are available from experiment, theory, or empirical correlation, one can calculate the molar density and vapor pressure IE s for 0.5 < Tr < 1, provided, for VPIE, that Aa/a is known or can be estimated. Thus to calculate liquid density IE s one uses the observed IE on Tc, ln(Tc /Tc), to find (Tr /Tr) at any temperature of interest, and employs the smoothing relations (or numerically solves Equation 13.1) to obtain (pR /pR). Since (MpIE)R = ln(pR /pR) = ln[(p /pc )/(p/pc)] it follows that ln(p7p)(MpIE)R- -ln(pcVpc). For VPIE s one proceeds similarly, substituting reduced temperatures, critical pressures and Aa/a into the smoothing equations to find ln(P /P)RED and thence ln(P /P), since ln(P /P) = I n( Pr /Pr) + In (Pc /Pc)- The approach outlined for molar density IE cannot be used to rationalize the vapor pressure IE without the introduction of isotope dependent system parameters Aa/a. 

Russell, Jim H. 1990. (Internal report) Chemical storage and injection systems. Sugar Land, Tex. Nalco Chemical Company. 

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