Tetrabromobisphenol diglycidyl ether

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is primarily used as a reactive flame retardant in epoxy resin circuit boards. Both hydroxyl groups on TBBPA can be reacted with epichlorohydrin under basic conditions to form the diglycidyl ether, which is widely used in epoxy resin formulations. TBBPA is also used in polycarbonate and ether polyester resins and is used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of tetrabromobisphenol A allyl ether, -bis(2-hydroxyethyl ether), -carbonate oligomer, and -diglycidyl ether. TBBA is also used as a flame retardant in plastics, paper, and textiles, and as a plasticizer in adhesives and coatings. 

For the purpose of identifying the cause of this detrimental effect of the brominated resins on the wirebond reliability, the diglycidyl ether of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBA) was exposed to 150° or 180° C for two hours, and the resultant resins were analyzed for the hydrolyzable halide content. A hydrolyzable halide is the halogen adjacent to a hydroxyl group and hence can be easily dehydrohalogenated (Table II). 

As in polyester resins, reactive halogens containing fire-retardant chemicals are most often used in epoxy materials. Tetrabromobisphenol A is perhaps the most widely used component for flame-retarding epoxy resins. Nara and Matsuyama (24) and Nara et al. (25) described the thermal degradation and flame retardance of tetrabrominated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether compared to the nonbrorainated structure. Their results indicate that bromine acts by vapor-phase as well as condensed-phase mechanisms of flame inhibition. 

Functionalized PPE is used in the thermosetting reaction. The curable part is an epoxide resin. For PCBs, a flame retardant composition is preferred, such as a bisphenol A diglycidyl ether tetrabromobisphenol A-based epoxy resin [50,25]. 

A flame retardant version of bisphenol-A/ECH is available called tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBA) and the diglycidyl ether is ... 

Brominated Epoxy Oligomers (BEO) [68928-70-1] as Additives. The reaction of tetrabromobisphenol A with epichlorohydrin can be conducted in a ratio to make either diglycidyl ether or to make oligomers of reduced epoxy functionality, or end capped with tribromophenol to avoid functionality. These oligomers are mainly used as melt-blendable additives useful in many thermoplastics, notably in ABS, HIPS, and polyamides. Processing and UV stability advantages are often superior to those of decabromodiphenyl ether, and a good balance of properties is obtained for use in ABS in business machine applications (37). These... 

A related use is to produce the diglycidyl ether of tetrabromobisphenol A, which can be used as such in epoxy thermoset fabrication but is mainly reacted with methacrylic acid to make flame-retardant vinyl ester resins. These are useful for making fiber-reinforced corrosion resistant containers and ducts. The diglycidyl ether can also be chain extended with more tetrabromobisphenol A to make a family of, mainly, additives for thermoplastics. 

Flame-retardant grades of PBT usually consist of synergistic mixtures of antimony trioxide with various halogenated (brominated) aromatic compounds. A typical recipe for PBT might be 10 wt% decabromodiphenyl oxide and 5 wt% antimony oxide. Recently the trend has been to use polymeric or oligomeric brominated additives. A typical additive is an end-capped polycarbonate derived from tetrabromobisphenol-A [94334-64-2] another is a mixture of epoxy oligomers derived from the diglycidyl ether of tetrabromobisphenol-A [68928-70-1]. The brominated polystyrenes (Zoc. cit.) have only limited usefulness in PBT as they have a low melt compatibility (107). 

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