Testosterone infection

Transferrin 8-9 Binds iron in plasma and transports iron to bone Iron deficiency, pregnancy, hypoxia, chronic blood loss, estrogens Chronic infection, cirrhosis, burns, enteropathies, nephrotic syndrome, cortisone, testosterone... 

Dobs A. Role of testosterone in maintaining lean body mass and bone density in HIV-infected patients. Int J Impot Res 2003 15 S21-5. 

Bhasin S, Storer TW, Asbel-Sethi N, Kilbourne A, Hays R, Sinha-Hikim I, Shen R, Arver S, Beall G. Effects of testosterone replacement with a nongenital, transdermal system, Androderm, in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men with low testosterone levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 83(9) 3155-62. 

Kong A, Edmonds P. Testosterone therapy in HIV wasting syndrome systematic review and metaanalysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002 2 692-699. 

Developed in the late 1930s, anabolic steroids were primarily used to treat hypogonadism, a condition in which the testes do not produce sufficient testosterone for normal growth, development, and sexual functioning. These compounds are used medically to treat delayed puberty, some types of impotence, and wasting of the body caused by HIV infection or other diseases. Some of the commonly used/abused anabolic steroids are Anadrol (ox-ymetholone), Oxandrin (oxandrolone), Dianabol (methandrostenolone), Deco-Durabolin (nandrolone decanoate), and Depa-Testosterone (testosterone cypionate). 

The philosophy of evidence-based practice is widely accepted, although operational and implementation issues represent major barriers. One of the significant barriers is a shortage of evidence reports on topics of critical interest, and the lack of a national infrastructure to prepare such reports. In response to this need, AHRQ has funded 12 Evidence-based Practice Centers to conduct systematic, comprehensive analyses and syntheses of the scientific literature to develop evidence reports and technology assessments on clinical topics that are common, expensive, and present challenges to decision makers. Since December 1998, 11 evidence reports have been released on topics that include sleep apnea, traumatic brain injury, alcohol dependence, cervical cytology, urinary tract infection, depression, dysphasia, sinusitis, stable angina, testosterone suppression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 

Liu, L Wang, L Zhao, Y Wang, Y Wang, Z. and Qiao, Z. (2006) Testosterone attenuates p38 MAPK pathway during Leishmania donovani infection of macrophages. Parasitology Research, 99, 189-193. 

Pharmacology DHEA supplementation has been advocated for a variety of indications, including Alzheimer s disease, cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and insulin resistance, slowing or reversing the aging process, treatment of viral infections and cancers, and weight loss. For most of these indications, there is incomplete evidence for the efficacy of DHEA supplementation. For example, in elderly men DHEA increases free testosterone by 5-10%, but this effect has not been correlated with improvement of sexual functiem. 

Before birth, immune system abnormalities of the mother may contribute to autism by interfering with the timing of fetal brain development. There is evidence of a link between autism and viral infection of the mother during pregnancy (see Section 5.22.8). Because autistic children exhibit extremely male brain characteristics, others are focusing on prenatal testosterone exposure. 

Drug administration route Published experience with testosterone pellets of an older type has noted relatively high rates of pellet extrusion (8.5-12%) and infection (1.4-6.8%). A study in 80 men with long-acting testosterone implants (Testopel ), which are smaller and have a smooth surface, has shown that with this formulation extrusion occurred in only 0.3% of cases and infection also in only 0.3% [105 ]. 

---