Testing, xvii

The technical basis for the RAPID includes general experience with sodium cooled fast reactors. Specifically, the RAPID concept includes no control rods but incorporates the passive lithium expansion modules, lithium injection modules and lithium release modules to enable an operator-free operation mode. These systems utilize Li as a liquid poison instead of B4C rods. To verify the reactivity worth of Li, the criticality test [XVII-5] using the fast critical assembly (FCA) of the Japan Atomic Research Institute (JAERI) has been conducted. Also, the manufacturing technology of the lithium modules was mastered, and the performance and neutron radiography tests of the lithium expansion and lithium injection module pilots were conducted. 

A seemingly more stringent test would be to determine whether the ratios of areas for various solids as obtained by means of a given isotherm equation are independent of the nature of the adsorbate. The data summarized in Table XVII-3 were selected from the literature mainly because each author had obtained areas for two or more solids using two or more adsorbates. It is seen... 

The existence of this situation (for nonporous solids) explains why the ratio test discussed above and exemplified by the data in Table XVII-3 works so well. Essentially, any isotherm fitting data in the multilayer region must contain a parameter that will be found to be proportional to surface area. In fact, this observation explains the success of Ae point B method (as in Fig. XVII-7) and other single-point methods, since for any P/P value in the characteristic isotherm region, the measured n is related to the surface area of the solid by a proportionality constant that is independent of the nature of the solid. 

As pointed out in Section XVII-8, agreement of a theoretical isotherm equation with data at one temperature is a necessary but quite insufficient test of the validity of the premises on which it was derived. Quite differently based models may yield equations that are experimentally indistinguishable and even algebraically identical. In the multilayer region, it turns out that in a number of cases the isotherm shape is relatively independent of the nature of the solid and that any equation fitting it can be used to obtain essentially the same relative surface areas for different solids, so that consistency of surface area determination does not provide a sensitive criterion either. 

The carbon skeleton of helminthosporal can be accounted for from three isoprene units (XVI), but they cannot be formed by cyclization of a farnesol precursor, as the three units are not joined head to tail. There is the possibility that the aldehyde carbons were joined in the early stages of biosynthesis to form helminthosporane (XVII, XX) as an intermediate, followed by later oxidation to yield the dialdehydes. As a test of this hypothesis the actively growing fungus was fed mevalonic acid labeled with carbon-14 in the 2-position (mevalonic acid being a precursor of isoprene units) (2). Thus, three units of radioactivity should be incorporated, one being the... 

Physical tests and determinations on aerosols. In United States Pharmacopoeia XXII, NF XVII, Ninth Supplement, pp. 3584-3591,1993. 

The isolated complex XV and its derivatives having PiPr3 (XVI) and PPh3 (XVII) instead of PCy3 were also tested in cyclooctene polymerization at room temperature. Very good yields were obtained vhth XV and XVI (Table 8.3) [34[. 

Fr impact test listed together with refs in Vol 1, p XVII under Impact Sensitivity... 

Impact-Friction Pendulum Test. See Vol 1, p XVII and p A354, Footnote... 

IMPACT SENSITIVITY OR SHOCK SENSITIVITY TESTS (Drop Weight or Falling Weight Tests). A list of various tests with refs is given in Vol 1, p XVII. Brief descriptions of US Bureau of Mines (BM) Apparatus and of Picatinny Arsenal (PA) Apparatus are also given on p XVII. British test called Figure of Insensitiveness (FI) is described on p XII (See also Refs 36, 38d, 41, 42, 53, 55b,... 

Time of Ignition (or Explosion) Tests at Constant Temperatures. See Ignition (or Explosion), Time Tests in Vol 1, p XVII... 

Detonation (and Explosion) by Impact (or Shock). See Vol 1 of Encycl, p XVII under Impact (or Shock) Sensitivity Test and Vol 2, pp B332 to B340 and Bullet Impact or Rifle Bullet Tests... 

XVII) Target Impact Ruggedness Test for Use in Development of Fuzes Incorporating Delay After Impact (p IV C of Ref 39)... 

Brief mention of impact machines is made under Physical Tests in Vol 1, p XVII. Because there are many literature references to the following impact machines, and not because they are inherently better than any others, we will now describe the following Explosives Research Laboratory (ERL), Rotter, Bureau of Mines (BOM) Picatinny Arsenal (PicnArsn)... 

Inflammability of Explosives Tests (Flammability Tests). See also Index of Inflammability in Vol 1, p XVII. These tests are designed to ascertain the behavior of explosives towards open flame. The following tests are described by Reilly (Ref 1) ... 

Buck, E. C., Fortner, J. A., Bates, J. K., Feng, X., Dietz, N. L., Bradley, C. R. Tani, B. S. 1994. Analytical electron microscopy examination of solid reaction products in long-term tests of SRL 200 waste glasses. In Barkatt, A. Van Konynenbourg, R. A. (eds) Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XVII. Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings, 333, 585-593. 

Epreuve au choc de mouton (Shock Test by a Ram). The test with a light weight (such as 2kg) is known as essai au petit mouton , while test with a heavy weight (such.as 30kg) is known as "essai au gros mouton". These tests are listed under Impact (or Shock) Sensitivity Tests in Ref 20, p XVII. See also Ref 24, p E110-L Ref 9, p 560... 

Films of the polyisoimides were cast from DMAC at 55 °C under reduced pressure (0.1 mm). A study of the isomerization reaction was conducted by FTIR and showed that the isomerization began at approximately 100 °C and was complete after 3 h at 250 °C. In all cases the thermally treated films were insoluble in all solvents tested. Composite films were produced with XVII and three commercial matrix systems a polyarylsulfone (Radel), a polysulfone (Udel), and an acetylene terminated isoimide thermosetting resin (IP-600). Films of the matrix and XVII were cast from DMAC. Slightly cloudy films, indicating some phase separation, resulted with both the Radel and Udel systems. Composite films cast with IP-600, however, were completely clear and showed no signs of phase separation. The structural similarity of the IP-600 resin and XVII may account for the greater homogeneity of the system. Property assessment of these films before and after thermal treatment is currently underway. 

Drop Weight (or Impact) Tests. See Impact Sensitivity or Shock Sensitivity Test in Vol 1 of Encycl, p XVII also in Vol 4, pp D321-R... 

Behavior towards heat tests 1 VIII, IX, X, XVII, XXII, XXIII... 

Drop weight (or impact) tests see Impact sensitivity 1 XVII 4 D321-D322... 

Explosion (or ignition) temperature test 1 XI, XVI—XVII see Detonation (and explosion) temperature and its determination 4 D583-D589... 

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