Test methods measurements

Analytical and Test Methods. Measurement of the sohdification point using a highly sensitive thermometer and of APHA color by comparison of molten samples to APHA standards is straightforward. Specific impurities are measured by gas chromatography. A nonaqueous titration is used to determine phthahc acid content. 

Dual chamber test method Measures near field shielding effectiveness by indicating the signal attenuation caused by passage through test material. 

This photoelastic stress analysis is a technique for the nondestructive determination of stress and strain components at any point in a stressed product by viewing a transparent plastic product. If not transparent, a plastic coating is used such as certain epoxy, polycarbonate, or acrylic plastics. This test method measures residual strains using an automated electro-optical system. 

The Watts shrinkage test method measures shrinkage of a test sample in terms of volumetric change after curing. The sample preparation consisted of using 90 mg of an... 

The AATCC-127 and ISO 811 test methods measure the resistance of a fabric to the penetration of water under hydrostatic pressure. A test specimen mounted under the orifice of a conical well is subjected to water pressure constantly, increasing at 10 0.5 cm per minute until three leakage points appear on its surface, as shown in Fig. 2.13. The higher the column height achieved before the appearance of the third water droplet on the fabric surface, the greater is the water resistance of the specimen. 

The test method measures the cohesion of bituminous binders at temperatures ranging from -10°C to +80°C and for expressing the relationship between cohesion and temperature. 

This test method measures the storage stability of the modified bitumen at high temperatures. The polymer-modified bitumens in particular are known to display phase separation under certain conditions, mainly storage. 

The test method measures the resistance to ravelling characteristics of cold asphalts with or without recycled asphalt pavement (reclaimed asphalt) by simulating an abrasion similar to early return to traffic. 

The determination of cohesion of the mix is carried out according to CEN EN 12274-4 (2003). The test method measures the development of cohesive strength and defines the time when the slurry seal or micro-surfacing can accept traffic. The test is similar to the cohesion test described in ASTM D 6372 (2010), a brief description of which is given in Section 6.8.3.2 (cohesion test). 

Haze and gloss test methods measure how well a material reflects and transmits light. They quantify characteristics such as clear and shiny. Although haze is appropriate for transparent or translucent materials, gloss can be measured for any material. Both gloss and haze tests are precise, but they are often used to measure appearance, which is more subjective. The correlation between haze and gloss values and how people rate the clarity or shininess of a plastic is uncertain. 

ASTM D3835/2000 test method measures rheological properties of thermoplastic (and thermosetting) melts by using a capillary rheometer [4], The test method includes measurements of viscosity, shear rate, shear stress, swell ratio, and percent of extrudate swell. Assuming a newtonian fluid, to calculate melt viscosity j, use... 

This theory is more complicated than it may seem for three reasons. In order to predict failure of the joint it becomes necessary to know the fundamental properties of the adhesives in bulk form. Measuring properties such as tensile strength and modulus, yield strength, and shear strength is difficult due to specimen fabrication limitations. As mentioned, typical test methods measure properties of the bonded joint rather than just the adhesive s properties. Another complexity arises in the determination of local stresses in the adhesive joint. Stresses typically occur from the application of loads on a system however, deformation of the adherends with respect to the adhesive and stress concentrations in the joint can also produce large local stresses. The last reason for complications is that each joint geometry or design can produce different types of stresses and in different locations. 

EN 1542 Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures. Test methods. Measurement of bond strength by pull-off. EN 1544 Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures. Test methods. Determination of creep under sustained tensile load for synthetic resin products (PC) for the anchoring of reinforcing bars. 

Region Performance specification Test method Measurement method Disintegration test method... 

One widely used method to test air release properties of petroleum oils is ASTM D3427 (11). This test method measures the time for the entrained air content to fall to the relatively low value of 0.2% under a standardized set of test conditions and hence permits the comparison of the ability of oils to separate entrained air imder conditions where a separation time is available. The significance of this test method has not been fully established. However, entrained air can cause sponginess and lack of sensitivity of the control of turbine and hydraulic systems. This test may not be suitable for ranking oils in applications where residence times are short and gas contents are high. 

The wear resistance of refractories is determined according to ASTM C-704-01 [56]. This test method measures the relative abrasion resistance of various refractory samples under standard conditions at room temperature. The abrasion resistance of a refractory material provides an indication of its suitability for service in abrasion or erosive environments. 

This test method measures the transition temperatures of petroleum waxes, including microcrystalline waxes, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These transitions may occur as a solid-solid transition or as a solid-liquid transition. 

Catalytic activity is measured by determining the behavior of the catalyst in laboratory-scale equipment at standardized conditions for each test method, measuring especially the production of gas and distillate, although carbon deposition and other results are also noted in most methods. Of the numerous methods (at least 14), the Houdry Cat. A, Jersey D + L, and UOP activity rating are probably the most widely used. The approximate relation between these is indicated in Table 21-12. 

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