Terminology usage

Notes on Terminology Usage within the Causal Relation of... 

There is a strong relationship between the amount of pesticide appHed and the amount detected in soil and water. Some background information on pesticide usage and terminology is useful in understanding their impact on the environment. 

Dyes may be classified according to chemical stmcture or by thek usage or appHcation method. The former approach is adopted by practicing dye chemists who use terms such as a2o dyes, anthraquinone dyes, and phthalocyanine dyes. The latter approach is used predominantiy by the dye user, the dye technologist, who speaks of reactive dyes for cotton and disperse dyes for polyester. Very often, both terminologies are used, for example, an a2o disperse dye for polyester and a phthalocyanine reactive dye for cotton. 

The Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry has published a nomenclature for single-strand organic polymers Pure and Applied Chemistry, 48, 375 (1976)). In addition the Association for Science Education in the UK has made recommendations based on a more general lUPAC terminology, and these have been widely used in British schools. Some examples of this nomenclature compared with normal usage are given in Table 2. 

Terminology Relating to current word usage of technical terms. 

Research on the nature of substituent constants continues, with results that can bewilder the nonspecialist. The dominant approach is a statistical one, and the main goal is to dissect substituent effects into separate electronic causes. This has led to a proliferation of terms, symbols, and conclusions. A central issue is (here we change terminology somewhat from our earlier usage) to determine the balance of field and inductive effects contributing to the observed polar electronic effect. In... 

It is the aim of this chapter to describe the nature, selectivity, and efficiency of initiation. Section 3.2 summarizes the various reactions associated with initiation and defines the terminology used in describing the process. Section 3.3 details the types of initiators, indicating the radicals generated, the byproducts formed (initiator efficiency), and any side reactions (e.g. transfer to initiator). Emphasis is placed on those initiators that see widespread usage. Section 3.4 examines the properties and reactions of the radicals generated, paying particular attention to the specificity of their interaction with monomers and other components of a polymerization system. Section 3.5 describes some of the techniques used in the study of initiation. 

We return here to the issues of molecularity and reaction order, mentioned previously, because they deserve further consideration now that the basic terminology has been introduced. The need for careful usage can best be demonstrated by way of some examples. 

Terminology was chosen to reflect recent guides or, in the case of statistical symbols, common usage. ... 

Calibration, in current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) terminology, refers to instrument qualification or performance verification of the HPLC. Note that neither any internal instrumental adjustment nor detector response curve for quantitation is intended here as in the common usage of the terminology. In most pharmaceutical laboratories. 

Although the etymologies of the numerous terms that have broadly been applied to asbestos are clear, their usage in many instances have not been consistent. The following illustrates the wide range of terminology, perceptions, sources, and ancient uses of the term asbestos ... 

Finally, abrief nofe on spelling and terminology the word fluidization may also be spelt fluidisation. The former has been used through-ouf fhis book excepf in the references to published works where the original published spelling has been retained. The term fluid bed is also in common usage and in most cases is taken to mean the same as fluidized bed. Again, 1 have used this where it appears in the titles of books and papers but not otherwise. 

Besides Figuier, 29-30, similar usages of alchemical terminology were employed by many other nineteenth-century Occultists in short, Figurr s list represents conventional spiritual rhetoric. 

Typical analytical performance characteristics that should be considered in the validation of the types of procedures described in this chapter are listed below. Each validation characteristic is defined to ensure consistency in usage of terminology and interpretation ... 

Master the basic facts and terms. Few can make sense of the material on prescription drugs without having some familiarity with common terms, names, and acronyms. Try to learn the basic terminology careful and precise usage lends authority to research. 

Sites may be classified according to their chemical nature in usual chemical terminology. The following terms are simple extensions of ordinary chemical usage basic sites, acidic sites, Lewis acid sites, proton or Brfinsted acid sites,... 

Use Consistent Terminology and Concepts. Consistency of usage is needed within and between projects (see above on varied definitions of reference populations, for example). This is a recommendation that can be implemented quickly and relatively easily. Ultimately, this should become part of a larger effort to train various constituencies on what biomonitoring can and cannot tell one about environmental chemicals in humans. Both efforts are vital if there is to be any hope of establishing a minimum of shared knowledge among constituencies so that communicators eventually will not need to recapitulate the entire spectrum of education for each new project. 

In this discussion the temperature and pressure of the reference state and of the standard state have been taken to be those of the solution this usage is consistent with the recommendations of the Commission on Symbols, Terminology, and Units of the Division of Physical Chemistry of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. For the standard state however, a fixed, arbitrary pressure (presumably 1 bar) might be chosen. If we define... 

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