Teratogenic behavioral

Dorfmueller MA, Henne SP, York RG, et al. 1979. Evaluation of teratogenicity and behavioral toxicity with inhalation exposure of maternal rats to trichloroethylene. Toxicology 14 153-166. 

Nonpharmacologic therapy such as dietary, physical, and behavioral approaches should be considered first. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) 10 to 25 mg three to four times daily alone or in combination with an antihistamine such as doxylamine is often used for NVP.9,11,12 This combination was previously marketed as Bendectin or Debendox but was withdrawn due to concerns over possible teratogenic effects, although the literature did not support this claim.11,12 Pyridoxine is well tolerated, but doxylamine and other antihistamines commonly cause drowsiness. For more severe NVP, promethazine, meto-clopramide, and trimethobenzamide may be effective and have not been associated with teratogenic effects.9... 

Needleman HL. 1988. The neurotoxic, teratogenic, and behavioral teratogenic effects of lead at low dose A paradigm for transplacental toxicants. Prog Clin Biol Res 281 279-287. 

Mercury is a known mutagen, teratogen, and carcinogen. At comparatively low concentrations in birds and mammals, it adversely affects reproduction, growth and development, behavior, blood... 

Some miscarriages in 1 and 15 mg/kg groups no changes in behavior, appearance, or body weight no teratogenic effects observed (WHO 1984). 

In all tested organisms, PCBs — especially PCBs with 2,3,7,8-TCDD-like activity — adversely affected patterns of survival, reproduction, growth, metabolism, and accumulation. Common manifestations of PCB exposure in animals include hepatotoxicity (hepatomegaly, necrosis), immunotox-icity (atrophy of lymphoid tissues, suppressed antibody responses), neurotoxicity (impaired behavior and development, catecholamine alterations), increased abortion, low birth weight, embryolethality, teratogenicity, gastrointestinal ulceration and necrosis, bronchitis, dermal toxicity (chloracne, edema,... 

Buelke-Sam, J., Kimmel, C.A. and Adams, J. (1985). Design considerations in screening for behavioral teratogens Results of the collaborative behavioral teratology study. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol. 7 537-789. 

Nicotine is teratogenic in mice skeletal system malformations occurred in the offspring of pregnant mice injected subcutaneously with nicotine between days 9 and 11 of gestation/ It has also been found to cause behavioral changes in animals after experimental prenatal exposure/... 

Vorhees CV, Brunner RL, Butcher RE Psychotropic drugs as behavioral teratogens. Science 205 1220-1225, 1979... 

The risk of future behavioral teratogenicity in the young newborn... 

Teratogenicity. Ability to cause dysmorphogenesis in the developing fetus. Behavioral teratogenicity. Ability to adversely affect the mental development of the fetus. 

Limited data in animals suggest that chlorobenzene is not teratogenic. Rats were administered chlorobenzene (100 or 300 mg/kg) in corn oil by gavage from days 6-15 of gestation (IBT 1977). Fetal weight, external anomalies, and skeletal and soft tissue abnormalities did not differ from control animals in any of the measured parameters. Further, data on maternal weight and behavioral effects did not reveal evidence for dose-related effects. 

A common example of neurobehavioral teratogenic effects caused by polluted food is the Minamata disease. In a number of areas in Japan methylmercury from industrial waste accumulated in fish which was one of the main sources of the food of the local population. Another case of poisoning with methylmercury occurred in Iraq, where people consumed grain seed treated with a methylmercury fungicide. Women with only minimal poisoning symptoms gave birth to children that showed many neurological and behavioral abnormalities, such as mental retardation, coordination deficits and seizures (refs. 12, 13). 

This information suggests that early pharmacological REM sleep suppression or other types of state disorganization may disrupt brain and behavioral development. Behavior in adulthood may still be changed as a consequence of the abnormal development, but also as a result of the aberrant adult sleep pattern. Therefore, chronic early REM sleep-like state suppression or other types of state disorganization may be important neurobehavioral teratogenic mechanisms (see also refs. 77, 118, 129). 

---