Tennessee, elements

Never found free in nature, it is widely distributed in combination with minerals. Phosphate rock, which contains the mineral apatite, an impure tri-calcium phosphate, is an important source of the element. Large deposits are found in Russia, in Morocco, and in Florida, Tennessee, Utah, Idaho, and elsewhere. 

T. D. Parr, Phosphorus—Properties of the Element and S ome of its Compounds, Chemical Engineering Report No. 8, Tennessee Valley Authority, Part XI, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1950. 

Different combinations of stable xenon isotopes have been sealed into each of the fuel elements in fission reactors as tags so that should one of the elements later develop a leak, it could be identified by analyzing the xenon isotope pattern in the reactor s cover gas (4). Historically, the sensitive helium mass spectrometer devices for leak detection were developed as a cmcial part of building the gas-diffusion plant for uranium isotope separation at Oak Ridge, Tennessee (129), and heHum leak detection equipment is stiU an essential tool ia auclear technology (see Diffusion separation methods). 

T. D. Farr, Phosphorus, Properties of the Element and Some of Its Compounds, in Chemical Engineering Report, No. 8, Tennessee Valley Authority, Wilson Dam, Ala., 1950, pp. 39 and 58. 

R. B. Burt and J. C. Barber, Production of Elemental Phosphorus hy the Electric-Furnace Method Chemical Engineering Report No. 3, Tennessee VaUey Authority, Wilson Dam, Ala., 1952. 

The authors wish to thank the following colleagues for their cooperation and assistance in preparing this chapter J. Reavis, J. Ward, C. Herrick, D. Christensen, and L. Mullins of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico F. Schmidt and J. Smith of the Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa R. Haire of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee and J. Fuger of the European Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, FRG. 

Based on the demonstration of the DeHg process on wastes from the U.S. Department of Energy s (DOE s) Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory and the East Tennessee Technology Park, the vendor estimated that the costs associated with treating more that 1500 kg of waste contaminated with elemental mercury would be 300/kg. This estimate did not include the disposal costs of the treated wastes (D210480, p. 172). 

Elemental analysis was performed by Galbraith Laboratories, Inc., Knoxville, Tennessee 37291. 

The present paper is based on the author s study (1) funded by the U. S. Bureau of Mines which, however, is not responsible for the views expressed or the conclusions reached. The time element has been subdivided into three discrete points and a period. The points include current output levels, for use as a base line, 1985 and 1990. The period encompasses the decade from 1990. This reflects the increasing unreliability of the estimates as the projection is extended. Because sulfur markets tend to be discrete and sulfur sources tend to be geographically differentiated regional supply projections are required. The definition chosen here is the Petroleum Administration for Defense districts. [These are defined as I - Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia. II - Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Wisconsin. 

Most of the activity reaching western Europe was carried on particles of diameter less than 2 jum (Jost et al., 1986 Winkelmann et al., 1987) but larger particles reached Scandinavia (Devell et al., 1986 Persson et al., 1987) and these carried a higher proportion of refractory elements. Spherical particles, condensed from the vapour state, were found with activity dominated by individual elements, for example Ce, Ru, Ba or Mo (U.S.S.R. State Committee, 1986 Persson et al., 1987). With longer distances of travel, the larger particles, and most of the refractory elements, were lost from the plume. Activity reaching Tennessee was found to be in particles with median diameter about 0.4//m, similar to that of cosmogenic 7Be (Bondietti Brantley, 1986). 

It is an interesting fact that the two elements most necessary in the maintenance of soil fertility are the related elements nitrogen and phosphorus, which occupy adjacent positions in Group V of the periodic table. Phosphorus occurs in nature only in the combined form, chiefly as the mineral phosphorite [Ca3P04)2]. Impure calcium phosphate, known as phosphate rock, is mined extensively in Tennessee, Florida, Montana, and Idaho. Large deposits of this mineral are also found in Morocco and Tunisia in North Africa. 

None of the discoveries —from Italy, Illinois, or Ohio—could be confirmed by other scientists. A great debate went on for many years as to whether element 61 had really been found or not. Finally, the problem was solved. During World War II (1939—1945), scientists at the Oak Ridge Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, were studying the materials formed during atomic fission. Atomic fission is the process in which large... 

The data (Table I, Figures 2 and 3) clearly show that the majorities of the Cu, Cd, Zn, and Ni were present in the dissolved phase most of the Fe was found in the solid phase. Dissolved and solid phases were equally important for Mn content in these systems. These trends were consistent with the transport of metals in watersheds in eastern Tennessee (24), Maryland (25), and Australia (26) as well as earlier work (27) on the Upper Three Runs Creek and Steel Creek watersheds. However this data does not support the previous work (11) on the transport of metals by the Amazon and Yukon Rivers where most of the Fe as well as the other trace elements were associated with the various components of the solid phase. These differences may be resolved by considering the TSS load which was much higher in the Amazon and... 

Turner. R. R.. Lindberg. S. E. and Talbot. K.. Dynamics of trace element export from a deciduous watershed. Walker Branch. Tennessee. In Watershed Research in Eastern North America Vol. II. D. L. Correll (Ed.). Smithsonian Institution. Maryland. 1977 pp 924. 

Stoltman, J.B. Mainfort, R.C., Jr. 2002. Minerals and elements Using petrography to reconsider the findings of neutron activation in the compositional analysis of ceramics from Pinson Mounds, Tennessee. Midcontinent Journal of Archaeology IT. 1-33. 

As a result, in 1947, J. A. Marinsky, L. E. Glendenin, and C. D. Coryell at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, finally established the existence of element 61 in the fission products of and at the suggestion of Coryell s wife it was named prometheum (later promethium) after Prometheus who, according to Greek mythology, stole fire from heaven for the use of mankind. Since about 1955, individual lanthanides have been obtainable in increasing amounts in elemental as well as combined forms. 

Raschella, D. L. "Solution Microcalorimeter for Measuring Heats of Solution of Radioactive Elements and Compounds" Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, December 1978 U.S. Department of Energy Document No. 0R0-4447-081, 1978. 

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