Temporal anatomy

V, proximal anastomosis within the temporal component, and distal interconnection between the latter and the cervical component VI, two anastomotic rami sent from the buccal division of the cervical to the zygomatic part of the temporal VII, transverse ramus, from the trunk of the nerve, contributing to the buccal ramus formed by anastomosis between the two major divisions VIII, richly plexiform communications, especially within the temporal portion of the nerve. From Barry J. Anson, Atlas of Human Anatomy, p. 37. 

As we move forward, it will prove helpful to get some basic aspects of the human nervous system in place. An enormous amount of work has gone into making associations between brain anatomy and function. Starting with the three main parts of the brain, we know that the cerebrum is the seat of consciousness. It is divided into two hemispheres, which are linked by the corpus callosum. In a very general sense, the left hemisphere is associated with intellectual and the right hemisphere with emotional responses. Within the cerebrum, one can associate a number of brain areas (the prefrontal, frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, for example) with functions including vision and hearing. One can make crude maps in which function is mapped onto brain structure. 

Preliminary studies of collateral circulation in high grade stenoses or occlusions using ultra fast dynamic MRA with temporal resolution in the range of a second did show delayed contrast enhancement in the affected vascular territory, but did not provide relevant additional information compared with conventional MRI and perfusion techniques probably due to the reduced spatial resolution (Wetzel et al. 2001). A dedicated analysis of collateral circulations, especially extra-intracranially, is still the domain of DSA as far as the exact depiction of anatomical connections is of importance. If the exact anastomotic vascular anatomy is not of primary interest, the collateral supply is better determined by MR perfusion techniques. 

As discussed above, the spatial separation of these processes in C4 plants necessitates a degreee of structural organization in the form of Kranz anatomy. CAM plants do not show such anatomy but have other specializations because the temporal separation of the synthesis and decarboxylation of C4 acids requires storage of large amounts of C4 acids in the vacuole. 

In considering the mechanisms of aerosol deposition within the lung and the factors that may influence them, it is of some importance to consider first the anatomy and air velocities within the respiratory tract. The temporal aspects of the passage of air through the various anatomic regions and the point during the breathing cycle are also relevant factors. 

Fig. Il.la-h. Anatomy. Coronal (a-d) and axial (e-h) high-resolution MPR of the temporal bone from ventral to dorsal (a-d) and cranial to caudal (e-h). Spaces A Epitympanum, B mesotympamrm, C hypotympamrm, D mastoid antrum, E Prussak s space, F sinus tympani. 1 Scutum, 2 promontory, 3 malleus, 4 incus, 5 stapes, 6 incudomalleolar joint, 7 tensor...

Prerequisites for optimal radiological findings of the temporal bone are profound knowledge of the complex anatomy, a CT technique with the best local resolution, and a close cooperation with ENT colleagues. MSCT and the resulting post-processing possibihties clearly improve the diagnostic safety. 

The IMRI methods require high spatial and temporal resolution, multiplanar imaging, interactive navigation, and a 3D visualization (Figs. 6 and 7). MRI represents excellent tissue characterization for both anatomy and... 

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