Template surface

Formation from Template Surfaces Recently, a new method for the preparation of LUV was reported by Lasic et al. (1988). The method is based on a simple procedure which leads to the formation of homogeneous populations of LUV with a diameter of around L vim. Upon addition of solvent to a dry phospholipid film deposited on a template surface, vesicles are formed instantly without any chemical or physical treatment. The formation of multilamellar structures is prevented by inducing a surface charge on the bilayers. The size of the vesicles is controlled by the topography of the template surface on which the phospholipid film was deposited (Lasic, 1988). 

Graphite and carbon fibers have been used at templates. Thus, nylon 6 has been polymerized on a graphite matrix. Such syntheses of polymers in the presence of a solid template, where the solid acts as a template have been described as polymerization-induced epitaxy (PIE). The monomer and resulting film is adsorbed on the template surface through only van der Waals forces. After polymerization, the polymer is washed from the template. The recovered polymer retains special structural features introduced by the template. 

Genzer J (2005) Templating surfaces with gradient assemblies. J Adhes 81 417-435... 

A template surface is usually needed in order to obtain colloidal crystals with orientations other than (111). When a substrate with the appropriate arrays of relief structures is used, the pits can serve as physical templates to confine and control the nucleation and growth of colloidal crystals that will exhibit a pre-specified spatial orientation, van Blaaderen and Wiltzius first demonstrated the use of lithographically defined surfaces as templates to grow specifically oriented colloidal crystals. They accomplished this by utilizing a slow sedimentation process and were able to produce crystals with either (100) or (110) planes oriented parallel to the supporting substrates.148 This work was followed by Yodh and coworkers... 

Abstract. We describe the state-of-the-art in the creation of ordered superlattices of adsorbed atoms, molecules, semiconductor quantum dots, and metallic islands, by means of self-assembly during atomic-beam growth on single crystal surfaces. These surfaces often have long-period reconstructions or strain relief patterns which are used as template for heterogeneous nucleation. However, repulsive adsorbate-adsorbate interactions may also stabilize ordered superlattices, and vertical correlations of growth sequences of buried islands will be discussed in the case of semiconductor quantum dots. We also present new template surfaces considered as particularly promising for the creation of novel island superlattices. 

The patterned organosilane monolayers introducing organolsilane molecule with a polymerization initiating unit are useful as template surfaces for site-specific polymerization. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) unit was immobilized as a monolayer component. Since ATRP is one of the most successful methods for polymerizing a variety of monomers in a controlled fashion [44, 45], tailor-made surface topography is possible. Several reports have described the formation of polymer thin film by the radical polymerization from the immobilized ATRP initiator [46, 47],... 

Form-determining roles for viral structural proteins have been suggested for the inner core of blue tongue virus. In this case, 120 P3 subunits pack to form a T=2 icosahedral inner core (Grimes et al, 1998). This core is subsequently tiled by the P7 protein, which is arranged with T=13 symmetry. Thus, the P3 inner core provides a template surface that serves to control P7 polymerization. A similar case has been made for the alphavirus fusion proteins. These viruses, which consist of nucleoprotein... 

We further demonstrated the importance of this repulsive electrostatic interaction by using colloidal particles whose surface were terminated in the amine group (-NH2). For this system, we could control the sign of interaction between the colloidal particles and template surface by changing the pH value of dispersion medium. Figure 11.3 shows the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of two samples that were prepared from colloidal dispersions with their pH values adjusted to 6.5 and 8.5, respectively. At pH = 6.5, there existed an attractive interaction between the positively... 

Fig.19 Selectivity pattern of both TMV- and HRV2-templated surface MIPs towards TMV...

T. Bailey et al.. Step and flash imprint lithography Template surface treatment and defect analysis, J. Vac. Sci. TechnoL, B, 18, 3572, 2000. 

Instead of casting the complete solution to form a monolith, individual porous spheres can be templated to form porous inorganic beads, which maintain porosity from the template. As with any of the discrete organic templates, experimental conditions need to be optimized to ensure that aggregation of the beads does not occur and that there is not excess inorganic material forming on the template surface. 

Diallyloxycarbonyl) benzophenone EDMA glycidyl methacrylate-EDMA copolymer (support polymer) benzene Using covalently bonded templates surface imprinting by photo-grafting polymeriza- [105]... 

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