Temperatures specific gravity component

Group the component in a petroleum fraction, which is possible if the normal boiling temperature and the standard specific gravity are known. This method gives correct results when the chemical structure is simple as in the case of a paraffin or naphthene. 

Natural Ethoxylated Fats, Oils, and Waxes. Castor oil (qv) is a triglyceride high in ticinoleic esters. Ethoxylation in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to a polyoxyethylene content of 60—70 wt % yields water-soluble surfactants (Table 20). Because alkaline catalysts also effect transestenfication, ethoxylated castor oil surfactants are complex mixtures with components resulting from transesterrfication and subsequent ethoxylation at the available hydroxyl groups. The ethoxylates are pale amber Hquids of specific gravity just above 1.0 at room temperature. They are hydrophilic emulsifiers, dispersants, lubricants, and solubilizers used as textile additives and finishing agents, as well as in paper (qv) and leather (qv) manufacture. 

Table 1 shows the various physical properties for components of eggs (4). Specific gravity of whites, yolks, and whole egg is the same, ie, density is 1035 kg/m (64.6 Ib/ft = 8.63 Ib/gal) for all three types of egg products shown. The viscosity of blended Hquid egg components varies over a wide range of temperatures at temperatures higher than those indicated in Table 1, the protein starts to denature and coagulate, increasing viscosity. 

MYRISTIC ACID. [CAS 544-63-8]. Also called tetradecanoic acid, formula CHjlCHiJnCOOH, At room temperature, it is an oily, white crystalline solid. Soluble in alcohol and ether insoluble in water. Specific gravity 0.8739 (80°C) mp 54.4°C bp 326.2°C. Combustible. The acid is derived by the fractional distillation of coconut oil. Myristic ucid is used in soaps cosmetics in the synthesis of esters for flavorings and perfumes and as a component of food-grade additives, Myristic acid is a constituent of several vegetable oils. See also Vegetable Oils (Edible). 

For certain liquids, tile temperature of a boiling solution of the unknown may be compared with that of boiling water at the same pressure, For a given solution, the boiling-point elevation may be calibrated in terms of specific gravity at standard temperature. Usually two resistance thermometers are used. The system finds use in the control of evaporators to determine the endpoint of evaporation, Good accuracy is achieved in the determination of one dissolved component, or of mixtures of fixed composition. 

The extracted or expressed fixed oil is an orange-coloured aromatic semi-solid, also known as concrete or nutmeg butter (because it has the consistency of butter at room temperature). It melts at 45—51°C and has a specific gravity of 0.990. It is completely soluble in hot alcohol, but sparingly soluble in cold. However, it is freely soluble in ether and chloroform. The major component of fixed oil is trimyristin. 

Volatility is expressed in terms of the temperature at which 95% of the sample is evaporated and presents a measure of the least volatile component present (ASTM D-1837). Vapor pressure (IP 410) is, therefore, a measure of the most extreme low-temperature conditions under which initial vaporization can take place. By setting limits on vapor pressure and volatility jointly the specification serves to ensure essentially single-component products for the butane and propane grades (ASTM D-1267, ASTM D-2598, IP 410). By combining vapor pressure/volatility limits with specific gravity for propane-butane mixtures, essentially two-component systems are ensured. 

For fuel oil, the ultimate analysis in terms of hydrogen, carbon, sulfur and any other component should be given — as well as the specific gravity (or API gravity). Viscosity at two temperatures should also be given. This is needed to determine the temperature to which the fuel must be heated for good atomization. 

The specific gravity (relative density) of the gas is required for calculating flow through pipes and orifices and to establish the relationship between the amounts of gas measured volumetrically to the corresponding mass or molar amounts. The relative density can be determined fi om a knowledge of the molar volumes of the component gases as a function of temperature and pressure and selected binary mixture properties. 

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