Gas temperature programmed

Van Den Dool, H. and P.D. Kratz (1963), Generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography . J. Chromatogr, Vol. 11, p. 463. 

Halang, W. A., Langlais, R., and Kugler, E., Cubic Spline Interpolation for the Calculation of Retention Indices in Temperature-Programmed Gas-Liquid Chromatography, Ana/. Chem. 50, 1978, 1829-1832. 

Rasmussen RA, Harsch DE, Sweany PH, et al. 1977. Determination of atmospheric halocarbons by a temperature-programmed gas chromatographic freezeout concentration method. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 27 579-581. 

Gas chromatographic analysis of the product from three consecutive preparations showed less than 0.1% impurity. Similar results were obtained on 0.005-ml. samples in an F. and M. 202 Temperature Programed Gas Chromatograph using two columns a 12-foot column of 10% HiVac grease and 5% Marlex-50 on 100-140 mesh Gas Chrom A, at a constant temperature of 275°, with a helium flow rate of 120 ml. per minute and a 20-foot column of 20% GE-SE 30 on 100-140 mesh Gas Chrom A, programed at 3.3° per minute from 250° to 300°, with a helium flow rate of 120 ml. per minute. 

Methods have been described for determining chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in soil and chemical waste disposal site samples. The latter method involves a simple hexane extraction and temperature programmed gas chromatographic analysis using electron capture detection and high resolution glass capillary columns. Combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to confirm the presence of the chlorocarbons in the samples [4],... 

The odor concentrates were separated by temperature-programmed gas chromatography on a 20% Carbowax 20M column. Typical chromatograms obtained from the distillate—i.e., the odor concentrate isolated... 

Figure 3.8 shows an example dataset of mixed hydrocarbons used as a petrochemical feedstock. These are straight-run naphthas which consist of a wide range of alkane, alkene, aromatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons, mainly in the range of C4-C9. The conventional analytical method for naphtha analysis is temperature-programmed gas chromatography (GC), which can provide a full analysis including C-number breakdown, but which is rather slow for process optimisation purposes. 

Bridie et al. [27] have studied the solvent extraction of hydrocarbons and their oxidative products from oxidised and non-oxidised kerosine-water mixtures, using pentane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. Extracts are treated with Florasil to remove non-hydrocarbons before analysis by temperature programmed gas chromatography. From the results reported it is concluded that, although each of the solvents extracts the same amount of hydrocarbons, pentane extracts the smallest amount of non hydrocarbons. Florasil effectively removes non hydrocarbons from pentane extracts, but also removes 10-25% of aromatic hydrocarbons. However, as the other solvents are less susceptible than pentane to treatment with Florasil, pentane is considered by those workers to be the most suitable solvent for use in determining oil in water. 

Le Pera, M.E. Identification and Characterization of Petroleum Fuels using Temperature-Programmed Gas-Liquid Chromatography, Springfield, V.A. National Technical Information Service. Rep. No. AD 646-382 (1966). 

Iverson, J.L. and Sheppard, A.J. (1986) Determination of fatty acids in butter fat using temperature-programmed gas chromatography of the butyl esters. Food Chem., 21, 223-234. 

Needham LL, Burse VW, Price HA. 1981. Temperature-programmed gas chromatographic determination of polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls in serum. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 64 1131-1137. 

Fig. 6 Temperature-programmed gas-phase MPV reduction of 4-methylcyclo-hexanone over Ti-beta in the presence of a) 2.66 vol.% water or b) 5 vol% ammonia. = conversion = cis-4-Me-OL x = trans-4-Me-OL = 4-Me-ENE.

Step Temperature program Gas composition Experiment designation... 

The experimental details of the preparation of samples, the pulse-irradiation procedure, and the recording and analysis of data have all been described (6, 7, 9). Product analysis was done as previously described (9), using temperature programmed gas chromatography (25°C. to 230°C.) and a 2% Versamid-900 on silanized Chromosorb (white, acid washed, 60-80 mesh) column. 

If needed, increased sensitivity can be obtained for trimethylben-zenes, and the range can be extended to include the naphthalenes if the equilibrated gas is analyzed by temperature-programmed gas chromatography. Figure 3a shows an isothermal run of hydrocarbons dissolved in seawater from an excess of a Murban crude oil. Figure 3b shows a temperature-programmed run on a similar water sample. 

Dry distillation and gas phase separation of technetium oxides from oxides of rhenium, osmium, iridium, and ruthenium by temperature-programmed gas chromatography using O2 as reactive gas was reported [109]. Furthermore, the separation of technetium chloride (TeCU) from volatile chlorides of numerous elements by thermo-chromatography combined with complex formation was investigated. The separation tube had a temperature gradient from 600 to 25 °C and was coated with KCl, CsCI, NaCl, and BaClj [HOj. 

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