Temperature measurement systems

Similarly, it is often impossible, or at least very difficult, to experimentally determine the characteristics of a measurement system under the conditions where it is used. It is certainly possible to fill an emulsion polymerization reactor with water and determine the dynamic-characteristics of the temperature measurement system. However, it is not possible to determine these characteristics when the reactor is filled with the emulsion under polymerization conditions. 

Monomode reactors Prolabo, Synfhe-wave S402 and S1000 (actually not on the market). CEM, STAR system 2 and 6 and Discover. Personal Chemistry, Smith Synthesizer and Smith Creator. Temperature measurement is one of the main problems in microwave-assisted reactions. See Ref. [2] for temperature-measurement systems. 

The equipment for power-compensated DSC involves two parallel temperature measurement systems. Sample (ca. 50 mg) and reference in... 

Advanced UV Intensity and Temperature Measurement systems UV POWERMAP and UV MAP PLUS , , Inc., Sterling, VA, Document 100200. PWRB Rev. 8/98. 

Figure 1. In-situ FTIR catalyst light-off temperature measurement system. 1. compressed air 2. mass flow controller 3. gas lecture bottle 4. MKS pressure gauge 5. exhaust 6. IR cell 7. IR window 8. catalyst sample 9. thermocouple 10. sample compartment of Nicolet FTIR Model 60SX 11. chart recorder 12. digital thermometer display.

Temperature measuring system for the three kinds of open cells... 

Figure 3 Flue gas analysis and temperature measurement system.

Principles of Radiation Thermometers. A detailed discussion on opto-electronic temperature measuring systems for radiance thermometers can be found in Ref. 48. In the USA, ITS-90 above the gold point is maintained by NIST [49]. A classical radiation thermometer is shown in Fig. 16.24. Radiation from the object whose temperature is to be measured is... 

Choosing a Temperature Measuring System. As some previous examples have indicated, actual application first involves the choice of a temperature measuring system, which includes (1) a sensor that converts the temperature at the location of the sensor to some other physical quantities (e.g., EMFs), (2) an electrical system that transmits the EMFs to a signal processor, (3) a signal processor that converts the EMFs back to corresponding temperatures, and (4) a recorder that stores temperature readings for future analysis. 

The accuracy of the temperature measuring system is achieved through calibration, which will be discussed next. 

Mangum BW (1977) The gallium melting-point standard its role in our temperature measurement system. Clin Chem 23 711-718. 

In a recent development of the frequency response technique Bourdin et al. applied the frequency response approach to their IR temperature measurement system [35-37]. In this experiment the volume of the system is perturbed sinusoidally and both the pressure and temperature responses are measured. It was found that the phase differences between the pressure and temperature were more reliable and reproducible than the phase differences between the pressure and the volume. The explanation seems to be that since the quantity of adsorbent is quite small, a small amount of superficial adsorp-... 

Spectroscopy is the measurement of light intensity versus frequency. Remote high-temperature measurement systems often use some form of spectroscopy to measure temperatures. In the laboratory, high-temperature salt properties (purity, composition, etc.) can be measured by spectroscopy. This is a standard technique used in the chemical industry for online monitoring of the chemical composition of flowing streams in chemical plants. Properties that can be measured include the following. 

Temperature. Remote high-temperature measurement systems traditionally use some form of spectroscopy to determine temperature. 

Figure 3.23 Online infrared temperature measurement system Raytek Corporation)...

Calibrate the temperature measuring system periodically over the temperature range used for the test. Using the same heating rate to be used for specimen, calibrate the temperature scale with the appropriate reference materials covering the materials of interest. 

Xu Weijun, Hou Jianguo, Li Duanyou. 2007. Application Research on Temperature Monitoring in Concrete of Jinghong Hydropower Station by Distributed Optical Fiber Temperature Measurement System. Journal of Hydroel Ectric Engineeing 26(1) 97-101. 

Development of the temperature measurement system demands a continuing program of investigation of possible sources of error, in an effort to further improve the reliability and absolute accuracy of the measurements. 

The essential difference between a steady state and a transient state is that the temperature at a particular location changes with time under transient conditions. A line heat source probe has been recommended by many researchers [28,29,52,53]. The method is simple, fast, and requires a relatively small sample. A schematic representation of the thermal conductivity probe, the direct current (dc) supply, and the temperature measuring system is shown in Figure 24.5 [54]. The probe is inserted into a sample of a uniform temperature and is heated at a constant rate. The temperature adjacent to the line heat source is recorded. Various modifications of the line heat source probe can be found in the literature. The probe attached to a 20-cm diameter aluminum cylinder as a sample holder is one of them (Figure 24.6) [35]. Other modifications are related to placement of thermocouples directly on the heating element [55,56] or at a fixed distance from it [43]. 

Kataoka, H., Kano, H., Yoshida, H., Saijo, A., Yasuda, M., Osui, M. (1998). Development of a skin temperature measuring system for non-contact stress evaluation. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference of the IEEE. 

Three different temperature measurement systems are available (Regier and Schubert, 2005) ... 

Figure 5.1 Front panel of the virtual instrumentation of temperature measurement system.

Figure 5.2 Block diagram of the temperature measurement system.

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