Temperature-controlled release

Theisinger S, Schoeller K, Osborn B, et al. (2009) Encapsulation of a fragrance via miniemulsion polymerization for temperature-controlled release. Macromol Chem Phys 210 411-420... 

Fundueanu G, Constantin M, Ascenzi P, Simionescu BC. An intelligent multicompartmental system based on thermo-sensitive starch microspheres for temperature-controlled release of drugs. Biomedical Microdevices. August 2010 12(4) 693-704. PubMed PMID 20414809. 

X. Lin, D. Tang, S. Gu, H. Du, E. Jiang, Electrospun poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/poly (caprolactone)-based polyurethane nanofibers as drug carriers and temperature-controlled release. New J. Chem. 37 (2013) 2433-2439. 

Hayashi H, Kono K, Takagishi T. Temperature-controlled release property of phospholipid vesicles dependent bearing a thermosensitive polymer. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996 1280 127-134. 

G. (2006) Temperature-controlled release of diols from N-isopropyl-acrylamide-co-acrylamidophenylboronic acid microgels. J. Phys. Chem. B, 110, 20635-20639. 

Another approach to produce temperature-responsive films is through hydrogen-bonded self-assembly [136]. Quinn and Caruso have demonstrated that the dye absorption and release capabihty of hydrogen-bonded PNIPAM/PAA multilayers was significantly enhanced at elevated temperatures [137]. In addition, temperature-controlled release of dyes from electrospun PAA/PAH nanofibers was obtained by depositing temperature-sensitive PAA/PNIPAM multilayers onto the fiber surfaces [138]. 

CONTROLLED RELEASE TECHNOLOGY - PHARMACEUTICAL] (Vol 7) PRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS] (Vol 8) piGH TEMPERATURE ALLOYS] (Vol 13)... 

Humidification. For wiater operation, or for special process requirements, humidification maybe required (see Simultaneous HEAT and mass transfer). Humidification can be effected by an air washer which employs direct water sprays (see Evaporation). Regulation is maintained by cycling the water sprays or by temperature control of the air or water. Where a large humidification capacity is required, an ejector which direcdy mixes air and water in a no22le may be employed. Steam may be used to power the no22le. Live low pressure steam can also be released directly into the air stream. Capillary-type humidifiers employ wetted porous media to provide extended air and water contact. Pan-type humidifiers are employed where the required capacity is small. A water filled pan is located on one side of the air duct. The water is heated electrically or by steam. The use of steam, however, necessitates additional boiler feed water treatment and may add odors to the air stream. Direct use of steam for humidification also requires careful attention to indoor air quahty. 

Phase Separation. Microporous polymer systems consisting of essentially spherical, intercoimected voids, with a narrow range of pore and ceU-size distribution have been produced from a variety of thermoplastic resins by the phase-separation technique (127). If a polyolefin or polystyrene is insoluble in a solvent at low temperature but soluble at high temperatures, the solvent can be used to prepare a microporous polymer. When the solutions, containing 10—70% polymer, are cooled to ambient temperatures, the polymer separates as a second phase. The remaining nonsolvent can then be extracted from the solid material with common organic solvents. These microporous polymers may be useful in microfiltrations or as controlled-release carriers for a variety of chemicals. 

Meat Products. Citric acid is used in cured meat products to increase the effectiveness of the antioxidant preservatives, as a processing aid, and a texture modifier. It is often encapsulated and released at a specific temperature from a controlled release matrix. 

Cell Disruption Intracellular protein products are present as either soluble, folded proteins or inclusion bodies. Release of folded proteins must be carefully considered. Active proteins are subject to deactivation and denaturation, and thus require the use of gentle conditions. In addition, due consideration must be given to the suspending medium lysis buffers are often optimized to promote protein stability and protect the protein from proteolysis and deactivation. Inclusion bodies, in contrast, are protected by virtue of the protein agglomeration. More stressful conditions are typically employed for their release, which includes going to higher temperatures if necessaiy. For native proteins, gentler methods and temperature control are required. 

The drum is usually equipped with steam injection if required for winterizing or cold releases. Refer to Figure 7 for some of the details. If winterizing is necessary, then the steam should be temperature-controlled in order to maintain the seal water temperature at 4 to 10 C. It is important to note that the drum should be located at a minimum safe distance from the flare. 

The small reaction volumes in micro reactors and the large specific surface areas created are beneficial for coping with the problems caused by the release of the large heats, as mentioned above [37, 38]. Delicate temperature control is what is expected for micro-reactor operation isothermal processing is said to be achiev-... 

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