Technology Inward

As society advances, its values depend on what is produced and those sources of production. However, as the means to acquire products becomes easier, values turn inward to the general societal welfare and our environment. Uncontrolled fire can devastate our assets and production sources, and this relates to the societal costs of fire prevention and loss restoration. The effects of fire on people and the environment become social issues that depend on the political ideology and economics that prevail in the state. Thus, attention to fire prevention and control depend on its perceived damage potential and our social values in the state. While these issues have faced all cultures, perhaps the twentieth century ultimately provided the basis for addressing fire with proper science in the midst of significant social and technological advances, especially among the developed countries. 

The opportunities for exploitation, described above, arise from developments within the company and any transfer of technology would be outward. There are also those opportunities which arise from outside the company, but that could be developed within the company, if there was an inward transfer of technology. The transfer of technology is an increasingly common way of exploiting the opportunities from... 

R D on a wider basis between companies. In this book we will discuss technology transfer mainly on the basis of its inward movement to the company. 

In order to meet a desire for rapid development of technology outside the core competencies of the business it may be necessary to buy in some key parts of this technology. This can be done either from another part of the company or more usually from an external source. This is the process of inward technology transfer. R D Managers are involved in ensuring that this transfer of technology is carried out in a smooth and efficient a way. 

FIGURE 3.3 Depiction of the quadrature signal in Eq. 3.8 for (a) reference frequency bjd < a> (b) (o,( = or, (c) etyf > to. The inward spiral results from transverse relaxation at rate 1/T2. From Chen and Hoult,37 Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Technology by C.-N. Chen and D. I. Hoult. Copyright 1989 IOP Publishing Limited. Reproduced with permission. 

As the flow of new chemical molecules dries up, the chemical industry needs to look to other sources of innovation in addition to traditional chemical research, and also ensure that it captures the maximum value of each innovation. In order to do both successfully, chemical companies have to break down their traditional inward orientation, determine explicit strategies for innovation, and mimic the business patterns and mentality of successful venture capitalists and new startups to take advantage of outside resources. Among the attractive new technological sources of innovation that they should explore are biotechnology and e-commerce (see Chapters 6 and 7). 

Chemical developments bring new environmental problems and harmful, unexpected side effects [1]. The present economy remains utterly dependent on a massive inward flow of natnral resources that include vast amounts of nonrenewable [2] reverse flow of economically spent matter back to the ecosphere [3]. Chemical sustainability problems are determined largely by these economy-ecosphere materials flows [4]. It has become imperative to the development of the technological dimension of a snstainable civilization [5], In the 1980s and 1990s, several envi-... 

The fact is, Chinese culture is traditionally inward looking, not externally expansionist. In fact, it was this very trait of looking inward -and feeling culturally superior - that led to the great technological gap between China and the West and the ultimate demise of imperial China. China refused to care about what was outside its borders and worried first and foremost about how to keep the outside world out and the inside world quiet The eminent historian John Fairbank summarized the nineteenth century Qing Dynasty in this respect as follows ... 

Pejin, D.J., et al., 2012. Increase in bioethanol production yield from triticale by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with apphcation of ultrasound. Journal of Chemical Technology Biotechnology 87 (2), 170—176. Available at http //www.scopus.com/ inward/record.url eid=2-s2.0-84855458677 partnerID=tZOtx3yl (accessed 16.06.15.). 

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