Technological applicability, wetting

Surfactants are classified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic or ampho-lytic according to the charge carried by the surface-active part of the molecule. Some common examples are given in Table 4.2. In addition, surfactants are often named in relation to their technological application hence names such as detergent, wetting agent, emulsifier and dispersant. 

The flotational separation and enrichment of minerals is one of the most broadly used technological applications that utilizes the control of wetting. Flotation is usually classified as foam (froth), oil, or film flotation, and is based on the difference in wetting of the valuable (flotated) mineral that is to be extracted or concentrated, and the gangue (a barren rock). In froth and... 

Hence, the stabilization of polymer thin films against dewetting is of great importance to a number of technological applications. The likelihood that films will either wet or dewet solid surfaces is related to the value of the spreading parameter S ... 

The adsorption of surfactants on solid surfaces has been the subject of numerous studies. This phenomenon has widespread technological applications in wetting, adhesion, nanofabrication, and cleaning and degreasing of metal surfaces. The adsorbed... 

Interfacial and capillary phenomena are present in multiple biological processes. Some examples are duck s feathers impermeability, spiders sticky traps, and Lotus leaf s effect. The last subject is considered in a separate chapter due to its important technological applications. The basis to understand all those processes is the focus of the present chapter, divided into three subsections. The first one addresses the fundamentals of interfacial tension and wetting conditions as thermodynamical concepts. In the second, capillarity effects under dynamical conditions are considered. The third section is devoted to liquid films, their stability, and the spontaneous retraction in simple geometries. 

The most practical technological application of UV laser etching is in photolithography [266,1842] and in the microelectronics industry. After UV laser radiation treatment of polymer surfaces (e.g. poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyethersulphone or polyimide), exposed surfaces are more hydrophilic, and show greater imagewise wetting and metallization [949, 950]. New metal compounds are formed on laser-exposed polymeric films. 

Capone, G. J., Wet-spinning technology. In Acrylic Fiber Technology and Applications, ed. J. C. Masson. Marcel-Dekker, New York, 1995, pp. 69 103. 

Prevention and Control Hardware Equipment and technology descriptions Dry and wet control hardware NO, control and application of pollution prevention technologies Flue gas scrubbing and control technologies Incineration and high temperature technologies... 

Precipitation Pamphlet, Western Precipitation Company C-103R-1, Los Angeles, Calif., 1952, p. 3, E. Bakke The Application of Wet Electrostatic Precipitators for Control of Fine Particulate Matter, Paper presented at Symposium on Control of Fine Particulate Emissions from Industrial Sources for the Joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. Working Group, Stationary Source Air Pollution Control Technology, San Francisco, Calif., January 15-18, 1974, pp. 6-7. 

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