Team approach

Adequate resources are fundamental to any project, but even more so to a well-functioning health and safety program. Many mishaps have been traced to improperly trained workers, lack of adequate tools and equipment, or requirements for personnel to work excessive hours or at unfamiliar jobs because of inadequate staffing or lack of adequate resources. The multidisciplinary team approach can help to identify required resources and can help balance, identify, and coordinate necessary assets. 

Any person with knowledge of the process should be able to use a checklist. The PSM Rule team-approach requires more than one analyst to prepare the checklist and apply it to the process for... 

Our corporate safety staff proposes a team approach to implementing PSM, drawing on expertise throughout the company to ... 

As you will see, a team approach is probably the most effective way to do this teamwork provides both a reasonable division of labor and the opportunity to draw on a range of the disciplines that contribute to PSM. 

While a multidisciplinary team approach is ideally suited to PSM design and installation, it is not the only way. PSM goals can be achieved through the efforts of a single professional, or a small homogeneous task group (for example, facility managers or safety specialists) the process is essentially the same as described here, but on a smaller, more limited scale. 

As the previous discussion suggests, interdisciplinary teamwork often benefits the design of PSM systems, both by spreading out the work involved and by drawing on multiple perspectives. In addition, the team approach can expedite buy-in from PSM end users, if only because it s harder to resist the findings of a team than the conclusions of a single individual, however well-respected he or she may be. If you are not in a position to mobilize a formal company team to focus on PSM system design, you should at least consider... 

If you decide to adopt a team approach, the following discussion may be useful in guiding your efforts. 

A single analyst can perform an event tree analysis, but nonnally a team of 2 to 4 people is preferred. The team approach promotes "brainstonning" tliat results in a well defined event tree structure. The team should include at least one member witli knowledge of event tree analysis, witli tlie remaining members having e.xperience in tlie operations of tlie systems and knowledge of the chemical processes that are to be of interest in tlie analysis. 

The team approach permits discussion, exchange of opinions, and debate, while reducing the possibility of one individual s opinion skewing the results. 

Because the PSM Rule requires a team approach, more than one analyst should be involved in preparing the checklist and applying it to the process. The results of the analysis should be reviewed by an independent analyst. 

A set of questions designed to help accident investigators find less obvious ways to prevent accidents is shown in Table 12-1. The team approach of questioning and answering is especially important because the supportive, synergistic, and feedback approach by team members gives results that are always greater than the sum of the parts. 

The subsequent sections of this chapter will outline a team approach to laboratory design. 

The success of a laboratory design depends on many factors, not the least of which are health and safety considerations. When the team approach is implemented, each member brings to the design specific expertise essential to the element of proper design. 

Safety achievement is a team approach. All parties to the operation must participate and contribute. Without team cohesiveness, commitment and accountability objectives will not be met. Specifically important is the leadership of a team, which in business operations is the senior management. 

PC can be a team approach but can also be practiced by individuals. Pharmacists are the profession which has adopted PC as their responsibility and most studies has been on effects on various clinical pharmacy practice models. The possible interventions in PC are unlimited. 

The professional and team approach should be targeted in the same direction and appropriate systematic approaches such as trigger tools, medication- reconciliation and review should be used... 

This screening method may be used by either a single person or a group of persons. A team approach, involving several persons with different knowledge and functional perspectives, has the possibility of better identifying and assessing the potential for chemical reactivity hazards. 

A multidisciplinary team approach is used during all phases of evaluation. 

My team approaches these questions with two main projects which are interconnected and open to wider interdisciplinary cooperation. One of these projects focusses on the ethology of art, the other on urban ethology. 

Pharmacists have an opportunity to extend their activities in patient care as the emphasis continues to shift from inpatient care to ambulatory care. The latter situation generally encourages a team approach to health improvement, prevention, health maintenance, risk assessment, early detection, management, curative therapy, and rehabilitation [12]. Ambulatory care offers a variety of opportunities for individualizing patient care through pharmaceutical compounding. In fact, it is the area where most compounding pharmacists practice. 

Most FDA-approved veterinary drugs are for certain species, either food-producing or for a large target population (household pets). If veterinarian pharmaceutical companies do not perceive a sufficiently large market for a product, they will not seek FDA approval. This has left a large vacuum, or a potential market, that can be filled by compounding pharmacists. There are no FDA-approved products for exotic species due to the limited market and there are only few FDA-approved products for some of the more common species. Veterinarians need patient-specific products which pharmacists know how to prepare. Consequently, a team approach has been developed to the benefit of the veterinarian, pharmacist, and the animals. 

Progressive companies use a more structured and comprehensive team approach to identify root causes. Scientific principles and concepts are applied to determine root causes and make recommendations to prevent recurrence. Effective investigations should use tested data analysis tools and methodologies to seek the identification of multiple causes. To be repeatable, the investigation should use a systematic approach, which may also be prescriptive. As a rule, the benefits of this systematic approach result from two actions ... 

There are several advantages to using a team approach when performing incident investigations. 

Scheduling requirements are easier to meet—Deadlines set by management, outside parties, or the team leader may require several activities to be performed in parallel. This demands a team approach. 

Regulatory authority may require it—Specific regulations such as Process Safety Management call for a team approach. Management must be aware of wbetber a facility falls under such regulations. 

It is common for team members to disagree initially as to causes, remedies, probable sequence of occurrences, scope of investigation activities, and sometimes on process technical concepts. Active deliberation and open exchange of ideas, opinions, and experience are critical to the function of the synergistic team approach. As the investigation develops, there will normally be a series of regular team meetings to ... 

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