Taylor process

Ian W. Davies, Jean-Francois Marcoux, and Jeremy Taylor, Process Research, R800-B263, Merck Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway. NJ 07065. 

In addition to these process, special processes are known, particularly for the manufacture of thin metal fibers the continuous filament process, melt spinning processes and the Taylor process. 

On the other hand a more thorough knowledge of the effect of process variables has been required in the United States both to contend with large fluctuations in the demand for materials and to understand the consequences of looser manufacturing specifications. Thus, although the processes introduced into the U.S.A. are often based on the Taylor processes, these have also evolved with distinguishing features. 

The concentration and qualities of the reactants (i.e., silver nitrate, ammonia, sodium azide), as given, are not critical and could probably be varied by a factor of two. The concentration of the ammonia (presently 3 N) would have to be adjusted to maintain the solubility of the silver azide. For instance, a 200 g/liter concentration of silver azide in a 5 N ammonium hydroxide could easily be achieved as a starting mother liquor. In the present process the 120 g/liter concentration of silver azide represents a 10-fold increase in productivity over the Taylor process [3]. 

With the Picatinny Arsenal apparatus, one batch of silver azide made by the Costain process (Chapter 1) was almost as sensitive as the RD1333 lead azide (Figure 12). However, two other samples (one made by the Taylor process and the other by the Costain process) were significantly less sensitive. A difference between the two groups of over 25 in. was evident in heights that caused 50% of the samples to react under the action of a 2-kg weight. 

SILVER AZIDE - -COSTAIN PROCESS -TAYLOR PROCESS -COSTAIN PROCESS... 

Table 4. Tensile strength of micro-wires produced by the Taylor process (Nixdorf, 1967)...

Taylor process 77 Tear converter 85 Technical textiles 311 Tenacity 2, 359 Textile-reinforced concrete 320 Textile testing 343 Texturing 80 Thermal bonding 212 Thermal recycling 393 Thermofixation 54 Thermosetting 54 Three-dimensional braids 222... 

For large systems comprising 36,000 atoms FAMUSAMM performs four times faster than SAMM and as fast as a cut-off scheme with a 10 A cut-off distance while completely avoiding truncation artifacts. Here, the speed-up with respect to SAMM is essentially achieved by the multiple-time-step extrapolation of local Taylor expansions in the outer distance classes. For this system FAMUSAMM executes by a factor of 60 faster than explicit evaluation of the Coulomb sum. The subsequent Section describes, as a sample application of FAMUSAMM, the study of a ligand-receptor unbinding process. 

Typical methods are those of F. C. Zevnik and R. L. Buchanan [Chem. Eng. Progi , 59, 70-77 (Feb. 1963)] and J. H. Taylor Eng. 6-Proc. Econ., 2, 259-267, 1977). The former is mainly a graphical method of estimating the cost per functional unit (Cp) based on the capacity, the maximum pressure, the maximum temperature, and the materials of construction. The Taylor method requires the determination of the costliness index, which is dependent on the complexity of the process. A simpler method was suggested by S. R. Timms (M.Phil. thesis, Aston University, England, 1980) to give the battery hmits cost for gas phase processes only in U.S. dollars with a Marshall and Swift index of 1000. The simple equation is... 

Concentration and temperature differences are reduced by bulk flow or circulation in a vessel. Fluid regions of different composition or temperature are reduced in thickness by bulk motion in which velocity gradients exist. This process is called bulk diffusion or Taylor diffusion (Brodkey, in Uhl and Gray, op. cit., vol. 1, p. 48). The turbulent and molecular diffusion reduces the difference between these regions. In laminar flow, Taylor diffusion and molecular diffusion are the mechanisms of concentration- and temperature-difference reduction. 

Kletz, T.A. (1998) Process Plants A Handbook of Inherently Safer Design, Taylor and Francis Inc. 

The difficulties in dealing with these fundamental solid behaviors were aptly characterized as the metallurgical mud by Walsh and Taylor [84T01]. It has proven to be a difficult task to extricate shock-compression science from the metallurgical mud. Mixing of chemical ooze into the metallurgical mud has now further clouded our scientific knowledge of the processes. 

W. Shyy, H. S. Udaykumar, M. M. Rao, R. W. Smith. Computational Fluid Dynamics with Moving Boundaries in Series in Computational and Physical Processes in Mechanics and Thermal Sciences. Washington, DC Taylor Francis, 1995 W. Shyy. Computational Modeling for Fluid Flow and Interfacial Transport. Amsterdam Elsevier, 1994. 

The flux-corrected-transport technique was also used by Phillips (1980), who successfully simulated the process of propagation of a detonation wave by a very simple mechanism. The reactive mixture was modeled to release its complete heat of combustion instantaneously after some prescribed temperature was attained by compression. A spherical detonation wave, simulated in this way, showed a correct propagation velocity and Taylor wave shape. 

Astley, J., Shepherd, A., Whitfield, D. (1990). A Review of UK and International I owledge and Practice in the Selection of Process Control Operators. In E. J. Lovesey (Ed.), Ergonomics Setting Standards for the 90 s. Contemporary Ergonomics, 1990. London Taylor and Francis. 

Bainbridge, L. (1974). Analysis of Verbal Protocols from a Process Control Task. In E. Edwards F. P. Lees (Eds.), The Human Operator in Process Control. Washington, DC Taylor Francis. 

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