ASTON,UNIVERSITY

Typical methods are those of F. C. Zevnik and R. L. Buchanan [Chem. Eng. Progi , 59, 70-77 (Feb. 1963)] and J. H. Taylor Eng. 6-Proc. Econ., 2, 259-267, 1977). The former is mainly a graphical method of estimating the cost per functional unit (Cp) based on the capacity, the maximum pressure, the maximum temperature, and the materials of construction. The Taylor method requires the determination of the costliness index, which is dependent on the complexity of the process. A simpler method was suggested by S. R. Timms (M.Phil. thesis, Aston University, England, 1980) to give the battery hmits cost for gas phase processes only in U.S. dollars with a Marshall and Swift index of 1000. The simple equation is... 

Coker, A. K., Mathematical Modelling and a Study of Flow Patterns in Cylindrical Nozzle, M.Sc. Tliesis, Aston University, 1979. 

I thank Dr. E. L. Smith for his eomments and suggestions during the preparation of some of the ehapters in the text and wish him a happy retirement. It has been a pleasure to have learned so mueh from him during his tenure at Aston University. 

Ainsworth, L. K., Whitfield, D. (1984). "The Use of Verbal Protocols for Analyzing Power Station Control Skills." Report No. 114, Applied Psychology Dept., Aston University, Birmingham, U.K. 

School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK... 

R A. LAMBERT BSc, PhD, DSc, Senior Lecturer in Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham... 

Another approach was developed by Scott in the 1970 s (7.8) which utilises the same mechanochemistry used previously by Watson to initiate the Kharacsh-type addition of substituted alkyl mercaptans and disulphides to olefinic double bonds in unsaturated polymers. More recently, this approach was used to react a variety of additives (both antioxidants and modifiers) other than sulphur-containing compounds with saturated hydrocarbon polymers in the melt. In this method, mechanochemically formed alkyl radicals during the processing operation are utilised to produce polymer-bound functions which can either improve the additive performance and/or modify polymer properties (Al-Malaika, S., Quinn, N., and Scott, 6 Al-Malaika, S., Ibrahim, A., and Scott, 6., Aston University, Birmingham, unpublished work). This has provided a potential solution to the problem of loss of antioxidants by volatilisation or extraction since such antioxidants can only be removed by breaking chemical bonds. It can also provide substantial improvement to polymer properties, for example, in composites, under aggresive environments. 

American Cyanamid Company, 291 AT T Bell Laboratories, 356 Aston University, 409 Case Western Reserve University, 97 College de France, 37 Eastman Kodak Company, 275 Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie, 201... 

William Fraser was born in Hamilton. He studied at the other of the two local universities, Strathclyde, where he obtained a first class B.Sc. honors degree in 1986 and Ph.D. in 1989 under the direction of Professor Colin J. Suckling and Professor Hamish C. S. Wood. He was awarded a Royal Society European Exchange Postdoctoral Fellowship and worked in the laboratories of Professor Albert Eschenmoser at the ETH, Zurich. In 1991, he took up his present position as lecturer in medicinal chemistry at Aston University, Birmingham. His scientific interests include nucleoside and nucleic acid chemistry, solid-supported, synthesis, and study of base-modified antigene oligonucleotides targeted to DNA. 

Al-Malaika S, Peng X, Issenhuth S (2002) Unpublished Internal Report, PPP Research Unit, Aston University... 

As an undergraduate, Jonathan Behrendt studied for a B.Sc. in Chemistry and Law from the University of Exeter, where he was awarded a 2.1 hons. degree in 2001. He went on to study for a Ph.D. in chemistry at University College London, with Dr. Helen Hailes. His Ph.D. research project focused on the use of polymeric supports for the synthesis of structurally defined oligomers and cyclic ethers. Having been awarded his Ph.D. in 2005, he is currently working on the synthesis and functionalization of polystyrene microspheres as cellular delivery vectors, in the research group of Dr. Andy Sutherland at Aston University. 

Maniatis K., Fluidized Bed Gasification of Biomass Ph.D dissertation, Aston University, 1986. 

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