Tannery waste water

In the laboratory, this method has been successfully applied to highly loaded tannery waste water (Jochimsen, 1997). Figure 6-4 shows a qualitative example of how such experiments can be evaluated by assessing the remaining concentration of the DOC (or the degree of DOC removal) as a function of the specific ozone absorption. 

Reemtsma and Jekel [9] determined sulphonated polyphenols in tannery waste waters by ion pair liquid chromatography. 

Dahbi S, Azzi M, Saib N, De La Guardia M, Faure R and Durand R (2002) Removal oftriva-lent chromium from tannery waste waters using bone charcoal. Anal Bioanal Chem 374 540-546. 

Reemtsma, T., Jekel, M., Dissolved organics in tannery waste-waters and their alteration by a combined anaerobic and aerobic treatment. Water Research 1997,31(5), 1035-1046. 

Sadler, R., Olszowy, H., Shaw, G., Biltoft, R. Connell, D. 1994. Soil and water contamination by arsenic from a tannery waste. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 78, 189-198. 

The highest level of NDMA (0.5 yg/ml) was found in a sample from a 36.5% aqueous solution of dimethylamine sulfate (DMAS). According to plant personnel, 117 liters of DMAS are used each day in the hide unhairing process. This would amount to less than 60 mg NDMA/day potential exposure from the contaminated DMAS. NDMA (0.0015 yg/ml) was also found in the re-lime pit (unhairing vat) process water. This process water contained 5.7 liters of DMAS in 8000 L of lime-saturated water. The other samples which contained NDMA (0.004 yg/ml and 0.006 yg/ml) were waste-water from the tannery outlet pipe collected at the local municipal waste-... 

Tannery B. This tannery, also located in New England, employs 80 workers who process about 700 hides per day producing fully tanned and colored leather which are shipped to a separate facility, Tannery E, for surface and mechanical finishes. During the site visit on October 12, 1978, 19 air samples and 4 bulk samples were collected. The air samples were collected at all stages of the tanning operation. The bulk samples consisted of two waste water specimens, one steam system condensate and one floor scraping from the dye room. 

Isidori, M. (2000) Toxicity monitoring of waste waters from tanneries with microbiotests, in G. Persoone, C. Janssen and W.M. De Coen (eds.), New Microbiotests for Routine Toxicity Screening and Biomonitoring, Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 339-345. 

L. K. Wang, M. H. S. Wang, S. Yaksich, and M. L. Granstrom, Water treatment with multiphase flow reactor and cationic surfactants, J. Am. Water Works Assc. 70, 522-528 (1978). V. Kondratazicius, Removal of synthetic surface-active agents from waste waters of tanneries, Kozk. Obur. Prom. (USSR) 11, 18-18 (1969). 

Other important toxicological con tarn in ants that can be found in waste-waters are metals. Toxic heavy metal ions are introduced to aquatic streams by means of various industrial activities viz. nfrning, refining ores, fertilizer industries, tanneries, batteries, paper industries, pesticides, etc., and possess a serious threat to the environment. The major toxic metal ions hazardous to humans as well as other forms of hfe are Cr, Fe, Se, V, Cu, Co, Ni, Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Zn, etc. These heavy metals are of specific concern due to their toxicity, bioaccumulation tendency, and persistency in nature [190]. The SLM technique has been widely apphed for the transport and recovery of almost ah important metals from various matrices an exceUent review of ah aspect of metal permeation through SLM (covering both theoretical and practical considerations) is available [191]. Here, only some selected recent examples of the use of SLM for metal separation whl be presented. 

Bajza, Z. et al. (2004) Influence of different concentrations of 2(804)3 and anionic polyelectrolytes on tannery wastewater flocculation. Desalination, 171(1), 13-20. SBN 0011-9164. Cooper, D.R. et al. (1984) The treatment of waste water from the leather industry. Water Pollution Control, Southern African Branch, Biennial Conference, pp. 450-454. 

From accumulations of decaying organic matter in sewers and waste waters of tanneries, glue factories, fat-rendering plants, and fertilizer plants Provide continuous water discharge to sewer and cover and vent waste drains... 

Eye J D, Liu L 1971 Treatment of wastes from a sole leather tannery. J Water Pollut Control Fed 43(11) 2291-2303... 

Some of the highest values of PCP in water (306-895 jitg L ) have been reported for the Hayashida River (Japan), which receives uncontrolled input of leather tannery wastes (Yasuhara et aL, 1981). Elevated concentrations (10-100 jiLg L ) have also occurred in the Pawtuxet River (USA) owing to discharge from a chemical plan (Jungclaus et al., 1978), whereas residues of 1-6 fxg were reported for the Delaware and Mississippi Rivers (Sheldon and Hites, 1978). A survey of raw water supplies in the USA showed that phenol was present in only 2 of 110 samples (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980). 

DONio MBS (2009), Development and characterization of water probiotics from solar salt works, coconut retting and tannery wastes against pathogenic vibrios in shrimp aquaculture industry, M. Phil dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, India. 

Globally, it can be estimated that the tanning industry use around 3 million tons of chemicals for the production of leather. The chemicals will end up in the product or waste or will be directly discharged to the water, air or soil. Although a major part of the chemicals are standard organic chemicals and standard inorganic chemicals, it is important for tanneries to have a careful control of the chemicals both for environmental and health reasons. 

Pollutant Agriculture Animal processing Chemicals Food Horticulture Metals processing Mining Municipal waste Pharmaceutical Pulp and paper Refinery Soil remediation Tanneries Textile Timber Water (potable) Water (waste)... 

---