Tailings sludge

MacKinnon, M. D. Boerger, H. Assessment of a Wet Landscape Option for Disposal of Fine Tails Sludge from Oil Sands Processing Petroleum Society of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy, and Petroleum Calgary, Canada, 1991 Vol. 3, pp 124-1-124-15. 

Metal ore concentrates Fine coal refuse Metal tailings Refinery sludges Wastewater treatment plant sludges Potable water treatment sludges Variable-volume filter press 46-55 81-93"... 

In practice, the process of periodically topping up the inhibitor formulation through a hose cock or via a timer-controlled pump works well when water losses are minimal and the boiler is clean. But as discussed previously, when excess water is lost from the system through various means and MU demands become significant, the practice becomes one of chasing your own tail, and the various common forms of waterside corrosion, sludging, and deposition rapidly develop and flourish. 

Blast furnace slag, concentrates, ore mill tailings, plating sludge... 

Two observations may be cited as evidence for this latter view. First, when sludge is applied to land, there is a rapid tail-off of odour nuisance after spreading. The incidence of rain after a dry period is known to result in an increased evolution of odour. 

Rotary cascading bed incineration is an ex situ incineration technology that can treat organic-or hydrocarbon-contaminated materials such as sewage sludge, refinery sludge, coal tailings. 

The process is used on petroleum sludges, used tires, biomedical waste, automobile shredder residues, bark residues and municipal solid wastes. It is limited to treating organic wastes and contaminated soil. For soil contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), vacuum pyrolysis cannot destroy the PCBs but will concentrate them in the pyrolytic oils. The process cannot be used to treat mine tailings. 

Feedback - Feedback describes the removal of a portion of the fluid from the tail end or the middle of a system, moving it back toward the inflow. Feedback is often used in reactors that utilize bacterially mediated reactions to ensure a bacterial population. For example, activated sludge systems that are oriented in a channel-type of arrangement often need feedback to perform properly. 

Coal liquefaction Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Synthesis of methanol Hydrogenation of oils Alkylation of methanol and benzene Polymerization of olefins Hydrogenation of coal oils, heavy oil fractions, and unsaturated fatty acids Adsorption of S02 in an aqueous slurry of magnesium oxide and calcium carbonate S02 or removal from tail gas Wet oxidation of waste sludge Catalytic desulfurization of petroleum fractions Wastewater treatment... 

Elevated copper and zinc concentrations in soil adversely affect microbial biomass, activity, and composition of microbial communities in soil adjacent to copper smelters and copper-tailings dumps. 3,4 Nitrogen fixation was adversely impacted when heavy metal-contaminated sewage sludge was added to soils. 5 ... 

In the HDS mode of operation, the cycle length is longer (typically one year). Guard reactor plug ng and dry sludge formation only tend to occur towards end of run, when the temperature reaches similar levels as applied in MHC mode. Besides metal tolerance, coke formation on the tail end catalyst is a predominant mechanism of deactivation in the HDS mode. 

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