Tactical decisions

Tactical decisions are primarily supply chain planning decisions and are made in a time horizon of moderate length, generally as monthly or quarterly decisions, covering a planning horizon of one or two years. Thus, these decisions are typically made in an environment characterized by less uncertainty relative to strategic decisions, but where the effects of uncertainty still are not inconsequential. Examples of tactical decisions include the following  

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Provide clues about how near-real-time tactical decision aids may eventually be developed using natural selection (via genetic algorithms). 

The progress of the GA depends on the values of several parameters that must be set by the user these include the population size, the mutation rate, and the crossover rate. Choosing the values of these parameters is not the only decision to be made at the start of a run, however. There are tactical decisions to be made about the type of selection method, the type of crossover operator, and the possible use of other techniques to make the algorithm as effective as possible. The choice of values for these parameters and type of crossover or selection can make the difference between a calculation that is no better (or worse) than a conventional calculation and one that is successful. In this section, we consider how to choose parameters to run a successful GA and start with a look at tactics. 

In this case, the availability of HTTP and HTML resources greatly simplifies the strategic design problem. The tactical decisions of how to implement HTTP services for use by HTML clients (and other services) are discussed here. The primary goals of universality, flexibility and longevity led to an unexpected but very usable result. 

In the synthesis of combinatorial libraries, there is a raft of tactical issues that need to be tackled. Will the library be made of mixtures or discrete compounds Prepared by solid-phase or solution-phase Screened in solution or attached to beads What level of purification and characterization is needed Will hits be identified by deconvolution, encoding techniques, or other means These are aU crucial operational aspects of combinatorial chemistry but it is equally important not to concentrate on them to the extent of missing the big picture. At the end of the day, neither a biological assay nor a medicinal chemist care how a compound was made. It is vital, though, that the tactical decisions do not prevent one from making the right compounds. Combinatorial synthesis is a means to an end, not an end in itself. 

Dwyer, D., HaU, J., Volpe, C., Cannon-Bowers, J. A., and Salas, E. (1992), A Performance Assessment Task for Examining Tactical Decision Making under Stress, Tech. Rep. No. 92-002, U.S. Naval Training Systems, Center, Orlando, FL. 

Tactical In tactical decisions, the human will begin one of several tasks based on the branch with the highest value. This could be used to model the many types of rule-based decisions that humans make, as illustrated in Figure 7. 

Each of the rectangles in the task network shown in Figure 11 actually consists of a network of tasks. An example of the tasks that belong to Network 10000, receive and monitor situation information, is shown in Figure 12. As described under Figure 7 of this chapter, the tasks in Network 10000 are linked by probabilistic and tactical decisions. 

The Decisional Information System is cmcial in the methodological framework. The objective is to design an environment for decision aid-tools dedicated to healthcare and social services professionals for strategic and tactical decisions such that ... 

Another case was the engine failure of a 2nd stage gas compressor that was followed by a tactical decision immediately afterwards. It was decided to invest in a spare engine. The question is was this decision, as part of the spare part philosophy, the best option A RAM analysis provided by the current tool could have supported these kinds of evaluations. 

In the future, informatics methods can go beyond guiding the tactical decisions of which compounds to synthesize and test next. Decision analysis techniques can... 

Intelligence— The process by which analysis is applied to information and data to inform policy making, decision making, operations, and tactical decisions. Intelligence serves many purposes among which are the identification and elimination of threat sources, the investigations and resolution of threats, the identification and treatment of a security risk, and the elimination of a threat source. 

Sabri and Beamon (2000) consider a four-stage (suppliers, plants, DCs, and customer zones) problem with both strategic (plant and DC locations) and tactical decisions. Demands for products are deterministic and have to be satisfied. There are fixed costs associated with DCs and transportation links between DCs and customer zones. Production cost is assumed to be linear. Two objectives are considered (a) Total cost, (b) Volume flexibility (difference between plant capacity and its utilization, and difference between DC capacity and its utilization). The strategic sub-model of the problem is formulated as a multi-objective MIR Two operational sub-models (suppliers, production) are formulated and solved as a non-linear programming problem. An overall iterative procedure is proposed which combines the strategic sub-model with the operational sub-models. 

Operational Decisions are short-term decisions made on a daily/weekly basis, at which point much of the operational uncertainty that existed when the strategic and tactical decisions were made has been resolved. In addition, since the time scale is so short, most of these decisions involve a significantly lower expenditure of funds. Examples include the following ... 

As we discussed earlier, aggregate production planning is a tactical decision in supply chain management. Production scheduling is an operational decision. It is important to understand the key differences between the two, with respect to the time horizon and the level of detail in the production plan. 

What are the primary decision variables Are they strategic or tactical decisions ... 

The selection of optimal sites for warehouse location is a strategic decision. We shall now consider the tactical decision of distributing products to retail outlets from a given set of warehouses. The distribution problem is basically... 

Data-based approaches can only handle defined measurable information and are only adequate for well-structured problems. They use analytical techniques which are frequently used in tactical decisions. On the other hand, experience-based approaches apply hybrid techniques that combine both quantitative and qualitative criteria. They generally employ expert systems, neural networks, and case-based reasoning to define the problem and determine the criteria in the supplier selection decision. The experience-based approaches use brainstorming, cognitive mapping as well as interpretative structural modeling. 

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