T cell production

In addition to their endocrine disrupting properties, it must be appreciated that many of the chemicals in question possess more general toxic properties, which may be potentiated by metabolism by the organism. Several PAHs, PCBs and PCDDs are carcinogenic, while certain phthalate esters can enhance the excretion of zinc, potentially leading to zinc deficiency. Zinc, an essential element, plays a vital role in spermatogenesis and mature T-cell production. Deficiency may result in abnormalities of the male reproductive system, depletion of spermatogenesis and suppression of the immune system. 

Foster S, Duvall CL, Crownover EF et al (2010) Intracellular delivery of a protein antigen with an endosomal-releasing polymer enhances CD8 T-cell production and prophylactic vaccine efficacy. Bioconjug Chem 21 2205-2212... 

As a result of pathogenic T-cell production and activation, psoriatic epidermal cells proliferate at a rate sevenfold faster than normal epidermal cells. Epidermal proliferation is also elevated in apparently normal skin of psoriatic patients. 

Cenci S, Weitzmann MN, Roggia C, Namba N, Novack D, Woodring J, Pacifici R (2000) Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss by enhancing T-cell production of TNF-alpha. J Clin Invest 106 1229-1237... 

FK-506 (37) interferes with IL-2 synthesis and release and has a cyclosporin-like profile, but is considerably more potent in vitro. IC50 values are approximately 100-fold lower. This neutral macrolide suppresses the mixed lymphocyte reaction T-cell proliferation generation of cytotoxic T-cells production of T-cell derived soluble mediators, such as IL-2, IL-3, and y-IFN and IL-2 receptor expression (83). Structurally, FK-506 is similar to sirolimus. Mycophenolate mofetil (33), brequinar (34), and deoxyspeigualin are in various phases of clinical evaluation. Identification of therapeutic efficacy and safety are important factors in the determination of their utility as immunosuppressive agents. 

Busse WW, Coffman RL, Gelfand EW, Kay AB, et al. 1995. Mechanisms of persistent airway inflammation in asthma. A role for T cells and T-cell products. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 152 388-393. 

Furthermore, the immunologic pathway involved in the pathophysiology of AD is complex (table 2). It presents a degree of complexity which has not been appreciated with allergic rhinitis and asthma. In AD both Thl and Th2 T cell products play a role in chronic inflammation, which is maintained by both IL-5 (Th2) and IFN-y (Thl) [51]. In addition recent studies have demonstrated different cytokine expressions in acute (predominantly IL-16) and in chronic (mainly IL-12 and GM-CSF) lesions [52, 53]. 

Thymosin has been used in thymic aplasia to increase T cell production. 

Besides, aT-cell response which essentially comprise of both CD4 and CDS" T-cells, production of interferon gamma, and nitric oxide synthase induction serves as an additional proof of evidence that the human-immune system is able to detect the parasite and hence responds accordingly ... 

Wheeler CJ, Black KL, Liu G, Ying H, Yu JS, Zhang W et al. Thymic CDS -i- T cell production strongly influences tumor antigen recognition and age-dependent glioma mortality. J Immunol 2002 171 4927-4933. 

Schechter B, Schechter I, Sela M (1970) Antibody combining sites to a series of peptide determinants of increasing size and defined structure. J Biol Chem 245 1438-1447 Schimpl A, Wecker E (1972) Replacement of T cell function by a T cell product. Nature New Biol 273 15-17... 

IgG is the lymphokine, IBF (immunoglobulin-binding factor). This has been reported to be a T-cell product which binds the Fc region of IgG close to the complement-binding site (Fridman and Golstein, 1974). Its biologiced significance is unknown. 

Mattes, J., Yang, M., Mahalingam, S., Kuehr, J., Webb, D.C. et al. (2002) Intrinsic defect in T cell production of interleukin (1L)-13 in the absence of both lL-5 and eotaxin precludes the development of eosinophilia and airways hyperreactivity in experimental asthma. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 195, 1433-1444. 

Properties of antigen-specific biologically active T cell products... 

Studies support the view that CD4+ (Th2) and cytotoxic CD8+ (Tc) T cells are a major source of Th2-type cytokines in the airways in asthma (29-32). Co-localization studies of BAL and bronchial biopsy samples from both atopic and nonatopic asthmatics confirm that T cells are the predominant cells encoding mRNA for IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and GM-CSF. T cells are considered to play an important role in regulating IgE synthesis in asthma. This is mediated by the increased T-cell production of IL and IL-13 and the accentuated expression of the accessory molecule CD40L on activated T cells in asthma, which binds to its ligand on B cell after B cell-T cell physical contact, delivering essen-... 

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