Systemic sclerosis genes

Cytokine and chemokine receptors An association between systemic sclerosis and polymorphisms in the CXCR-2 gene has been reported (Renzoni et al., 2000). 

Crilly A, Hamilton J, Clark CJ, Jardine A, Madhok R (2002) Analysis of transforming growth factor (51 gene polymorphisms in patients with systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum... 

Renzoni E, Lympany P, Sestini P, Pantelidis P, Wells A, Black C, Welsh K, Brunn C, Knight C, Foley P, du Bois RM (2000) Distribution of novel polymorphisms of the interleukin-8 and CXC receptor 1 and 2 genes in systemic sclerosis and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Arthritis Rheum, 43 1633-1640. 

C. N. Palmer (2002). Elevated expression of the genes encoding TNF-a and thromboxane synthase in leucocytes from patients with systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology 41, 869-875. 

Kuwana M, Kahuraki J, Okano Y, et al. The HLA-DR and DQ genes control the autoimmune response to DNA topoisomerase I in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). J Clin Invest 1993 92(3) 1296-1301. 

Avila JJ, Lympany PA, Pantehdis P, et al. Fibronectin gene polymorphisms associated with fibrosing alveohtis in systemic sclerosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999 20(1) 106-112. 

Tew MB, Reveille JD, Arnett FC, et al. Glutathione S-transferase genotypes in systemic sclerosis and their association with chnical manifestations in early disease. Genes Immun 2001 2(4) 236-238. 

Wells AU, Lorimer S, Majumdar S, et al. Fibrosing alveolitis in systemic sclerosis increase in memory T-cells in lung interstitium. Eur Respir J 1995 8 266-271. Luzina IG, Atamas SP, Wise R, et al. Gene expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from scleroderma patients. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002 26 549-557. Bolster MB, Ludwicka A, Sutherland SE, et al. Cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 1997 40 743-751. 

The lack of zinc can also be a problem in biological systems and is responsible for disease states. For example, nitric oxide-dependent apoptosis can be induced in motor neurons by zinc-deficient SOD, and in some cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, zinc-deficient SOD may participate in this type of oxidative mechanism involving nitric oxide.969 One form of hereditary human hair loss or alopecia was mapped to a specific gene and a mutation found in affected individuals. The gene encodes a single zinc finger transcription factor protein with restricted expression in the brain and skin.970 Zinc has been implicated in Alzheimer s via beta amyloid formation, and a role has been attributed for the cerebral zinc metabolism in the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer s disease.971... 

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