Systemic absences

The major category of nonconforming work is allocated for any failure of a system to comply with the requirements of the Standard which could lead to invalidity of test results. Examples include absence/non-implementation of a document control system, absence/non-implementation of a procedure for internal audit or management review, staff not technically competent to perform particular tests and failure to control the quality of test data. 

Deduction of lattice centering and translational symmetry elements from systemic absences... 

In the case of amorphous systems, absence of crystallinity upon tableting or over the shelf-life of the product must be ascertained to avoid potential slow down in dissolution, reduction in bioavailability, and loss of elegance. For lipid containing products, minimizing oxidation during manufacture and storage must be planned for by processing under inert conditions and incorporation of antioxidants in the formulation. ... 

Sample compositions and scattering length densities are known quantities, hence the adjustable parameters are and a / and if used and 15(0). Uncertainties in a / Rf and may be taken as 2 A, 0.02 and 10 A respectively. We use the multi-model FISH program for our SANS analysis (see reference 13). For dilute non-interacting systems (absence of any obvious S(Q)) estimates for the micelle radii R can also be obtained using the Guinier law which is valid at low Q (QR[Pg.305]

Absence of interphase concentration gradients in isothermal systems Absence of interphase temperature gradients. The criterion is independent whether intraparticle gradients exist or not... 

Finally, the choice of a liquid dielectric is always the fruit of compromise between technical and economic imperatives and the safety of lives and property. It must therefore be remembered that appropriate regulations for installation and operation, oil pits, fire walls, fireproofing, smoke removal system, absence of overloading, electrical protection, detection of latent defects) can go a long way towards remedying the disadvantages inherent in an imperfect solution. 

Calculations of mutual locations of poles and zeros for these TF models allow to trace dynamics of moving of the parameters (poles and zeros) under increasing loads. Their location regarding to the unit circle could be used for prediction of stability of the system (material behavior) or the process stationary state (absence of AE burst ) [7]. 

In real physical systems, the populations and h(0p are not truly constant in time, even in the absence of a field, because of relaxation processes. These relaxation processes lead, at sufficiently long times, to thennal... 

The work done increases the energy of the total system and one must now decide how to divide this energy between the field and the specimen. This separation is not measurably significant, so the division can be made arbitrarily several self-consistent systems exist. The first temi on the right-hand side of equation (A2.1.6) is obviously the work of creating the electric field, e.g. charging the plates of a condenser in tlie absence of the specimen, so it appears logical to consider the second temi as the work done on the specimen. 

In the limit k = (a/i) /i with L < all, the system should consist of dipolar dumb-bells. The asymptotic fonn of the direct correlation fiinction (defined tln-ough the Omstein-Zemike equation) for this system (in the absence of a solvent) is given by... 

In the absence of special syimnetry, the phase mle requires a minimum of tliree components for a tricritical point to occur. Synnnetrical tricritical points do have such syimnetry, but it is easiest to illustrate such phenomena with a tme ternary system with the necessary syimnetry. A ternary system comprised of a pair of enantiomers (optically active d- and /-isomers) together with a third optically inert substance could satisfy this condition. While liquid-liquid phase separation between enantiomers has not yet been found, ternary phase diagrams like those shown in figure A2.5.30 can be imagined in these diagrams there is a necessary syimnetry around a horizontal axis that represents equal amounts of the two enantiomers. 

The fluctuation dissipation theorem relates the dissipative part of the response fiinction (x") to the correlation of fluctuations (A, for any system in themial equilibrium. The left-hand side describes the dissipative behaviour of a many-body system all or part of the work done by the external forces is irreversibly distributed mto the infinitely many degrees of freedom of the themial system. The correlation fiinction on the right-hand side describes the maimer m which a fluctuation arising spontaneously in a system in themial equilibrium, even in the absence of external forces, may dissipate in time. In the classical limit, the fluctuation dissipation theorem becomes / /., w) = w). 

The tliree conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy play a central role in the hydrodynamic description. For a one-component system, these are the only hydrodynamic variables. The mass density has an interesting feature in the associated continuity equation the mass current (flux) is the momentum density and thus itself is conserved, in the absence of external forces. The mass density p(r,0 satisfies a continuity equation which can be expressed in the fonn (see, for example, the book on fluid mechanics by Landau and Lifshitz, cited in the Furtlier Reading)... 

Consider a polyatomic system consisting of N nuclei (where > 3) and elecbons. In the absence of any external fields, we can rigorously separate the motion of the center of mass G of the whole system as its potential energy function V is independent of the position vector of G (rg) in a laboratory-fixed frame with origin O. This separation introduces, besides rg, the Jacobi vectors R = (R , , R , .. , Rxk -1) = (fi I "21 I fvji) fot nuclei and electrons,... 

If V is the total Coulombic potential between all the nuclei and electrons in the system, then, in the absence of any spin-dependent terms, the electronic Hamiltonian is given by... 

For odd electron systems in the absence of spatial symmehy H Eq. (12) becomes... 

In physical systems, in the absence of external forces, A and B approach equilibrium ... 

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