Systematic approaches to optimization

The purpose of this study was to adopt a systematic approach to optimize formulation and to characterize the properties of tobramycin-PMMA implants. Tobramycin was selected as it is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas. The specific aims of the study were... 

Despite the theoretical complications associated with multiparameter control of retention, the experimental rewards of improved resolution and/or shorter analysis times via simultaneous, multiparameter-induced changes in selectivity and/or retention can often be great The feasibility of multi-variable control of retention in SFC and the interdependence of these variables are among the reasons that a systematic approach to optimization is essential in SFC. 

Clearly what is needed in SFC for samples with diverse, wide-ranging compounds is a systematic approach to optimization, applicable when two or more variables are changed simultaneously. The remainder of this chapter is therefore devoted to the description of some systematic, multi-parameter approaches, with a natural emphasis on those strategies for which experimental results are available. 

Given the mere handful of reports in the published literature (6,38,39,52), there are many avenues open in the development of systematic approaches to optimization in SFC. In addition to the opportunities mentioned in the sections on the simplex method and window diagram approach, others include the exploration of other sequential or simultaneous optimization strategies such as optiplex, simulated annealing, method of steepest ascent, etc. that are potentially useful in SFC. 

Gant, J.R. Dolan, J.W. Snyder, L.R. Systematic approach to optimizing resolution in reversed-phase liquid chromatography, with emphasis on the role of temperature. J. Chromatogr. 1979, 185, 153. 

A series of reports, focused on systematic approaches to optimizing choice of biocatalyst and either redox polymer-based mediator and/or carbon-based support, to provide for a glucose-oxygen EFC are noteworthy for the wide-ranging... 

A systematical approach to optimize the combination of AM and non-AM process steps while making a tool is evaluated by the EcoMold project. The tool elements are generated directly on the clamping device in order to simplify the final machining of the part and the assembly of the entire tool (Fig. 9). 

Ghosh, A.K. (2009) A Systematic Approach to Optimize Dryer Performance and Energy Savings -Case Studies. Tappi PapeiCon09 Conferenee, May 31-June 03 2009, St. Louis, MO, USA. 

Readers that tend to shy away from mathematics will possibly not initially enjoy this chapter, however and with time they will certainly recognize how formula and particularly rules of thumb derived thereof can be very beneficial for a systematic approach to optimization as opposed to trial-and-error experiments. 

In order to understand the effect of each process variable, a fundamental understanding of the heat transfer and polymer curing kinetics is needed. A systematic experimental approach to optimize the process would be expensive and time consuming. This motivated the authors to use a mathematical model of the filament winding process to optimize processing conditions. 

Using the preceding guidelines, a systematic approach to gradient optimization can be followed 20... 

Chao et al. [50] describe a systematic approach to process optimization through process understanding. They recommend developing a process summary that comprises four basic steps ... 

The information gained by application of odor evaluation and odor analysis of indoor environment and material samples not only serves the purpose of knowledge accumulation, but can also be used as a tool for air quality and product improvement. The combination of the two methods has the potential of a systematic approach to developing odor optimized technical materials. One example is given here. 

The generalist and the specialist models have been successful in many hospitals, provided that there has been a systematic approach to the development, implementation, and evaluation of the clinical services provided. There must be a clearly articulated philosophy of practice that describes why a pharmacist provides clinical services and a clear definition of the work to be done. We must remember that the patient is central to any endeavor. If the clinical service is defined in terms of patient need, it becomes easier to define priorities, resource requirements, and optimal outcomes. The primary focus of a clinical service should be the patient and not a medical service or a drug category. Full integration of clinical practice into drug distribution services optimizes the chances for success. 

A systematic approach for optimizing the extraction and identification of anthocyanins from blueberries was explored using HPLC-UV and HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS (Barnes et al., 2009). A method was developed for anthocyanin identification without the use of standards. Consideration was given to elution order by chromatographic separation with selective detection at 520 nm, high mass accuracy m/z values, tandem MS fragmentation, and previously published literature. Overall, 25 anthocyanins from a wild type highbush blueberry were identified and reported (Barnes et al., 2009). 

An approach to optimization. A systematic approach to the determination of the optimum chromatographic conditions has recently been published (104) and is presented in Fig. 14,... 

Hara et al. demonstrated a systematic approach to solvent system optimization with the separation of a series of uncaria and Gardneria alkaloids. 

More recently, techniques have been developed for utilizing multiscale simulation models to perform systems engineering tasks, such as parameter estimation, optimization and control (e.g. see reviews by [9, 10] and [11], and references cited therein). This incorporation of models that couple molecular through macroscopic length scales within systems engineering tools enables a systematic approach to the simultaneous optimization of all of the length scales of the process. 

Forbes, J.F. Marlin, T.E. Design cost a systematic approach to technology selection for model-based real-time optimization systems. Comput. Chem. Eng. 1996, 20 (6/7), 717-734. 

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