Resolution optimization

J. Vindevogel, P. Sandra, Resolution optimization in micellar electrokinetic chromatography use of Plackett-Burman statistical design for the analysis of testosterone esters,, 4na/. C/iem., 63 (1991) 1530-1536. 

Partial Resolution Optimize resolution by adjusting cones, of... 

Resolution in programmed temperature GC is enhanced if the programming rate (rr/F) is decreased and if the initial temperature (T) is decreased. Giddings [606] suggested that the first peak in a programmed analysis should not appear within about five times the hold-up volume of the column. Since the temperature has little effect on the selectivity in GC (see section 3.1.1), the optimization of temperature programs is a process that may be seen as resolution optimization rather than as selectivity optimization. 

Clearly, neither in chromatogram a nor in chromatogram b is the resolution optimized... 

P. W. Carr and J. Zhao, Approach to the concept of resolution optimization through changes in the effective chromatographic selectivity. Anal. Chem. 71 (1999), 2623-2632. 

Once the selectivity parameter is fixed due to the initial choices of the mobile and stationary phase, further optimization should concentrate on resolution optimization via achieving the most appropriate retention factor for the different natural products in the mixture. 

In the isocratic elution mode of HP-RPC, resolution optimization can take advantage of the relationship between the retention time of an analyte (expressed as the retention factor k) and the volume fraction of the... 

The response surface (Fig. 16.2) was used to determine the local optimal conditions that maximize the resolution. Optimal conditions were found to be 25.1 kV and 21 °C. Under these conditions the separation of ots-CN, P-CN, and k-CN was achieved as shown in Figure 16.3. Identihcation of peaks was based on the results previously obtained with a fused-sUica capillary (50). 

Resolution optimized to resolve all details on the HPTLC plate following treatment with Vibrio fischeri. 

The two real options for resolution optimization are illustrated in Figure 2.12a-c. 

An important fact becomes very obvious from Figure 2.2 The most effective parameter for resolution optimization in LC is selectivity. This consideration becomes even more important in relation to gas chromatography (GC). Based on the much stronger intermolecular forces in hquid phases, it is easier to generate differences in retention and a multitude of parameters based on mobile phase composition enable control this. In GC, there is a completely different situation as temperature is the only parameter to influence retention once the stationary phase is defined. To compensate for smaller selectivities GC column... 

Table 2.1 Example case study for resolution optimization by changing the individuai...

Partial resolution Optimize resolution using organic modifiers (1-10%)... 

Optimization system Optimized for resolution Optimized for throughput ... 

C.G. Coates, D.J. Denvir, N.G. McHale, K.G. Thombury, M.A. Hollywood, Ultrasensitivity, speed and resolution optimizing low-light microscopy with the back-illuminated electron-multiplying CCD, in Cofocal Multiphoton, and Nonlinear Microscopic Imaging (T. Wilson, ed.), Proc. SPIE, Vol 5139, Bellingham, USA, 2003, pp. 56-66. 

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