System level synthesis

C. Maxfield. Got system-level synthesis [online]. Available, http //www.eetimes.com/ news/design/showArticle.jhtml articleID = 60402139. EE Times, 02/18/2005. 

M. van Swaaij. Data flow geometry exploiting regularity in system-level synthesis. PhD thesis, K. U. Leuven, Belgium, Dec 1992. 

Rajeev Murgai, Automatic Design of Control Paths for System Level Synthesis, Master s Thesis, Dept, of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, January 1989. 

Automatic Design of Control Paths for System Level Synthesis. 

Thus, two synthesis levels will eventually emerge system level synthesis to translate a set of communicating processes into register-transfer components, and component synthesis to translate component descriptions into layouts (custom or semi-custom). 

Figure 7 SpecSyn System-Level Synthesis Tool...

System-level synthesis refers to synthesis at the computer system level. The primary aim is to convert a system s specification into a set of one or more interconnected chips/modules. This involves determining the number of chips necessary to satisfy the given constraints (estimation) distributing the specifications among the chips ( partitioning) finding a well-defined structure for each chip, and creating proper interchip/intermodule interfaces (interface synthesis). 

VaNG90b] F. Vahid, S. Narayan, D. Gajski, SpecCharts A Language for System Level Synthesis, Symposium on Computer Hardware Description Languages, Marseille, France, 1991. 

This chapter describes four of the ongoing research tasks at the University of Southern California which address the situation described above. The four tasks we discuss are chip partitioning, performance-area prediction, system-level synthesis and combined scheduling/fioorplanning. First,... 

Figure 1 illustrates the overall structure of the USC system-level synthesis research described in this chapter. A fifth task, control state specification, is also shown, and is the subject of a recent dissertation [20]. 

With systems thinking, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Systems rely upon the interaction of several processes. An individual process has limited value on its own, regardless of the level of development it has achieved. Processes provide value to the system through synthesis with other processes. 

It is assumed that transport processes for sugars arose early in the evolution of living systems since synthesis of simple sugars by the formol condensation mechanism would occur at an early stage on the primtive earth. At the level of the unicellular organism, development of transport systems for nutrients present in the environment would give competitive advantages when the supply became limited. It is presumed that development of specific and efficient transport mechanisms has been under... 

Munger J, Bennett BD, Parikh A et al (2008) Systems-level metabolic flux profiling identifies fatty acid synthesis as a target for antiviral therapy. Nat Biotechnol 26 1179-1186... 

Baneijea, A. C., Brechling, K. A., Ray, C. A., Erikson, H., Pickup, D. J., andjoklik, W. K. (1988). High-level synthesis of biologically active reovirus protein crl in a mammalian expression vector system. Virology 167, 601-612. 

Loteprednol (26) was selected for development based on various considerations including the therapeutic index, availability, synthesis, and "softness" (the rate and easiness of metabolic deactivation). Early studies in rabbits (106, 109) and rats (110) demonstrated that, consistent with its design, (26)isindeed active, is metabolized into its predicted metabolites (27, 28) (Fig. 15.10), and these metabolites are inactive (105). The pharmacokinetic profile of loteprednol indicated that, when absorbed systemically, it is rapidly transformed to the inactive metabolite (27) and eliminated from the body mainly through the bile and urine (110, 111, 113). It did not affect the intraocular pressure in rabbits (109), an observation confirmed later in various human studies (Fig. 15.12) (119). Consistent with the soft nature of this steroid, systemic levels or effects cannot be detected even after chronic ocular administration (120). 

Exploration Stage The system exploration stage is essential to answer the what if questions that arise in the design process. Starting from either a system level description or a RTL representation, a physical prototype (e.g., [13,14]) has to be built so that various physical effects can be evaluated. Given an RTL description, the physical prototype can be established through a fast synthesis followed by a... 

J. Hu, Y. Deng, R. Marculescu. System level point-to-point communication synthesis using floorplanning information. In Proc. Asian and South Pacific-DAC/VLSI Conf.,... 

Indirect calcium level-increasing actions of PTH on the gut are mediated through the vitamin 0 system. Following synthesis in the skin and hydroxylation by the liver, 25(OH)Vit03 is converted... 

Another promising biochemical approach, which may be linked to the deterioration of the hemopoitic system, involves the subcellular effects of lead on mitochondria. In experiments described by Brierley (2), lead at the micromolar level was shown to have a variety of effects centering around the inhibition of respiration and breakdown of the regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability. The uptake of lead into the mitochondrial matrix is closely related to the membrane transport mechanism(s) for calcium. Since lead is known to inhibit several enzymes of the Kreb s cycle and the electron transport system, heme synthesis may be inhibited at the mitochon-... 

Penetration of vitK across the skin was also examined. It was detected that a very small fraction of the applied vitK was delivered across the skin (Fig. 12.21) only 0.29 0.04 pg/cm reached the receptor phase at 12 h. The use of the dispersion, but not of the gel, led to a significant augment of vitK transdermal delivery ( 3 times, p < 0.05) at 12 h. Therefore it was concluded that it was unlikely that topical vitK would be absorbed in sufficient quantities to alter the systemic levels and affect the synthesis of coagulation factors. 

Keywords Electronic Nose System, Principal Component Analysis, Decision Tree, High Level Synthesis, Vivado, Zynq System on Chip... 

Ait Si Ah, A., Amira, A., Bensaali, F., Benanunar, M., Hardware PCA for gas identification systems using high level synthesis on the Zynq SoC. In Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS), IEEE 20th International Conference on December 2013, 707-710,2013. 

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