Synthetic Lubrication Oils

Organophosphorus Derivatives. Neopentyl glycol treated with pyridine and phosphorus trichloride in anhydrous dioxane yields the cycHc hydrogen phosphite, 5,5-dimethyl-l,3-dioxaphosphorinane 2-oxide (2) (32,33). Compounds of this type maybe useful as flameproofing plasticizers, stabilizers, synthetic lubricants, oil additives, pesticides, or intermediates for the preparation of other organophosphoms compounds (see Flame retardants Phosphorus compounds). 

Although synthetic lubrication oil production amounts to only about 2% of the total market, volume has been increasing rapidly (67). Growth rates of the order of 20% per year for poly( a-olefin)s, 10% for polybutenes, and 8% for esters (28) reflect increasing automotive use and these increases would accelerate if synthetics were adopted for factory fill of engines by automotive manufacturers. The estimated production of poly( a-olefin)s for lubricants appears to be approximately 100,000 m /yr, esters 75,000, poly(alkylene glycol)s 42,000, polybutenes 38,000, phosphates 20,000, and dialkyl benzene 18,000 (28,67). The higher costs reflected in Table 18 (18,28) have restricted the volume of siUcones, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoroalkylpolyethers, and polyphenyl ethers. 

Cyclooctadiene is reacted with bromine to make fire-retardants. Cyclododecane is oxidized with air and then nitric acid to make a diacid containing 12 carbons. This acid is used to prepare some types of nylon, and its esters are used in synthetic lubricating oils. 

Synthetic latices, 14 707 Synthetic linalool, 24 501 Synthetic lubricants, 13 687-688 Synthetic lubricating oil base stocks,... 

Synthetic lubricating oils, higher olefin polymers in, 20 432 Synthetic macrocyclic compounds chelating agents, 5 713t Synthetic manganese carbonate, 15 573 Synthetic manganese dioxides, 15 586-588 Synthetic marble, 16 283... 

Figure 7.1-4. Change of solubility with pressure. Left t-butyl perbenzoate in wo-dodecane. solid line, crystallisation curve dashed line, solubility curve a, 40°C b, 30°C c, 20°C d, 10°C e, 0°C f, -10°C right synthetic lubricant oil in ethylene a, 60°C , 80°C , 110°C...

Table 5.4. Maximum service temperature for mineral and synthetic lubricating oils...

The selected sources are then evaluated—that is, sources expected to give the most information are listed first. This order would naturally depend on the subject being surveyed. In one case Chemical Abstracts would be first in another, some special treatise on the subject, either a monograph, such as Bailey s Retardation of Chemical Reactions (2), or perhaps a series of journal articles of a bibliographical nature, such as Pritzkers survey of synthetic lubricating oils (9) or the annual fatty oil surveys made by Piskur (8) might be checked first. 

It is not sufficient merely to have such material on the libraiy shelves it must also be carefully indexed. All new books and pamphlets received are examined carefully for information that would not ordinarily be expected in such publications. In The Chemistry of the Non-Benzenoid Hydrocarbons (1922) by B. T. Brooks, for example, there are references to naphthenic acids, production of fatty acids by wax oxidation, and synthetic lubricating oils. In Volume VI of Colloid Chemistry (1946) edited by Jerome Alexander, there are chapters on the Geiger-Miiller x-ray spectrometer, electron microscopy, catalysis and its industrial applications, soil stabilization, polythene, and potential nuclear energy. Such information is typed on 3 X 5 cards on some books as many as forty or fifty cards may be required. In this way an extremely useful file of information has been built up that might otherwise be overlooked as valuable data sometimes appear in unexpected places. 

Fig. 9.1 Structures of common high-performance synthetic lubrication oils...

Mobil Chemical Company was formed in 1960. In 2000, the principal products included all the basic aromatics and olefins for the petrochemical industry, ethylene glycol and polyethylene. The company produced synthetic lubricating oils, additives, propylene packaging films and catalysts. Manufacturing facilities were located in 10 countries. 

G. G. Pritzger, Production of Synthetic Lubricating Oils by Hydrogenation Reactions, Petroleum Processing 2 205-208 (1947). 

Products and Uses Found in pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter drug products, cosmetics, and perfumes. It is a synthetic lubricating oil and vehicle base for consumer products. It prevents drying and congealing of products. 

Polyacrylonitrile synthetic floors Undecylenic acid synthetic lubricating oil Tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether tablet mfg. 

Synthetic lubricating oils with low pour points and high viscosity indices are typically synthesised by oligomerisation of a-olefins, like 1-decene or 1-dodecene. hi 1997, BP showed... 

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