Synthesis trivial names

Garbapenem P-Lactamase Inhibitors. Carbapenems are another class of natural product P-lactamase inhibitors discovered about the same time as clavulanic acid. Over forty naturally occurring carbapenems have been identified many are potent P-lactamase inhibitors. Garbapenem is the trivial name for the l-a2abicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene ring system (21) shown in Table 3. The synthesis (74), biosynthesis (75), and P-lactamase inhibitory properties (13,14,66) of carbapenems have been reviewed. Carbapenems are often more potent than clavulanic acid and include type I Cephases in the spectmm of inhibition. Table 3 Hsts the available P-lactamase inhibition data. Synergy is frequendy difficult to demonstrate because the compounds are often potent antibacterials. 

Penem B-Lactamase Inhibitors. The synthesis and antibacterial properties of penems, the trivial name for the 4-thia-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene ring system (24), have been reviewed (107,108). Like the closely related carbapenems, many of the penems are potent antibacterials. Additionally, penems are also susceptible to degradation by renal dipeptidase, but to a lesser extent. The limited -lactamase inhibitory data available for penems are presented in Table 4. SCH-29,482 [77646-83-4] (24, R = H, R = CH(OH)CH2, R = SCH2H ), C2qH23NO S2, is reported to be an inhibitor of type I Cephases and the OXA-2 enzyme (109). Compounds [101803-54-7] and [101914-68-5] (24, R = H, R = CH2CH(OH),... 

Reaction of alkyl halides 1 with hexamethylenetetramine 2 (trivial name urotropine) followed by a hydrolysis step, leads to formation of primary amines 3 free of higher substituted amines. This method is called the Delepine reaction, a comparable method is the Gabriel synthesis. 

In this chapter, we describe the design and important properties of supra-molecularly organized dye molecules in the channels of hexagonal nanocrystals. We focus on zeolite L as a host. The principles, however, hold for other materials as well. As an example, we mention ZSM-12 for which some preliminary results have been reported [55], We have developed different methods for preparing well-defined dye-zeolite materials, working for cationic dyes, neutral dyes, and combinations of them [3, 22, 25, 52], The formula and trivial names of some dyes that so far have been inserted in zeolite L are reported in Section II.C. The properties of natural and commercially available zeolites can be influenced dramatically by impurities formed by transition metals, chloride, aluminiumoxide, and others. This fact is not always sufficiently taken care of. In this chapter, we only report results on chemically pure zeolites, the synthesis of which is described in [53]. 

We have recently reported an alternative liquid precursor for the CVD of aluminum thin films.3 The main advantage of (AT,AT-dimethylethanamine)-trihydridoaluminum, frequently referred to by its trivial name dimethylethyl-amine alane (DMEAA), over (trimethylamine) trihydridoaluminum is that DMEAA is a liquid at room temperature, which provides stationary pressure conditions for better control of precursor transport. Analogous to the previously reported synthesis of (trimethylamine)trihydridoaluminum,4 the reaction of lithium tetrahydroaluminate(l —) with AT,AT-dimethyl-ethanaminium chloride in diethyl ether generates the stable liquid precursor DMEAA with high yield. 

The initial synthesis of triquinacene (356) and, in fact, the coinage of its trivial name are due to Woodward and co-workers (Scheme 55).337 The lengthy route began with isodrin (349) which was converted to alcohol 350 by a procedure devised by... 

The remainder of this book will be devoted to the synthesis and reactions of a range of aromatic compounds. It is important that you understand the naming of these compounds. The use of trivial names is widespread, particularly in the chemical industry although some of the older names have disappeared from use, many persist and are allowed in the lUPAC system. Some of these are presented in Figure 1.13. 

Diphosphatidylglycerol (trivial name cardiolipin) has a unique dimeric structure with four acyl groups and two negative charges (Fig. 1). It is common in bacteria, and it can be found in the iimer mitochondrial membranes of eukaryotes (i.e., those membranes that generate an electrochemical potential for substrate transport and ATP synthesis). 

A reductive McMurry-type approach similar to that used for the synthesis of porphycenes (Chapter 3) and ozaphyrins (Chapter 6) has also been applied to the synthesis of hexapyrrolic macrocycles. This approach has been explored independently by Johnson and Ibers Cava and Merz and Neidlein " and has led to a range of hexaphyrin-(2.0.0.2.0.0)-type expanded porphyrins (e.g. 7.55) that are gen-erically known as homoporphycenes or bronzaphyrins. As is often the case, the trivial name bronzaphyrin, originally coined by Johnson and Ibers ° reflects the color of the macrocycle observed in organic media. Indeed, in solution, these macro-cycles typically exhibit a distinctive bronze color. For the purpose of continuity in this chapter, the name bronzaphyrin will be universally employed for all macrocycles of the hexaphyrin-(2.0.0.2.0.0) type. 

In 2001 Wakamura et al. in Japan isolated, identified and synthesized (6Z,9Z,11S, 12S,)-11,12-epoxyhenicosadiene (94, Figure 4.45. trivial name posticlure) as the female sex pheromone of the tussock moth Orgyia postica, a pest on mango and litchi in Okinawa. Their synthesis relied upon Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, and afforded 94 of 59% ee, which was purified by preparative HPLC on a chiral stationary phase to give pure 94. 

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