Synthesis from carbon dioxide

Shibata H, Moulijn JA, Mul G. Enabling electrocatalytic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis from carbon dioxide over copper-based electrodes. Catal Lett. 2008 123 186-92. 

Saito M, et al. Development of copper/zinc oxide-based multicomponent catalysts for methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Appl Catal A Gen. 1996 138(2) 311—18. 

Volume 4 is dedicated to three important topics Catalysis (Part 4.1), Heterogeneous Systems (Part 4.2), and Gas Phase Systems (Part 4.3). The six chapters of Part 4.1 cover the most important aspects of electron transfer catalysis, from fundamental concepts to organic synthesis, from carbon dioxide fixation to protein catalysis, from redox modulation to biomimetic catalysis. Part 4.2 deals with the basic aspects and the latest developments in electron transfer on semiconductors, dye-sensitized electrodes, mono- and multilayers, intercalated compounds, zeolites, micelles and related systems. Part 4.3 covers gas phase systems, from atoms to small molecules, exciplexes, and supermolecules. 

Ethanol synthesis from carbon dioxide and hydrogen... 

Methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide on CuO-ZnO-AlaOa catalysts... 

Methanol synthesis by catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide is evaluated as one of the most promissing processes for conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals[l]. While various catalysts for methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide and hydrogen have been investigated, their durability - an important factor for evaluating their practicability-have not been reported[2,3,4,5]. The authors prepared CuO-ZnO-AI 2 O 3 catalysts for methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide and examined their activities and durabilities. 

Technical tour to visit Research Institute of Innovation Technology for the Earth (RITE) was planned on one day morning during the period of the conference, and made a strong impression on the visitors. There are the first world demonstration plant for methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide and other related technologies such as membrane devices for separation of CO2 from the flue gas. The visitors could see also biochemical studies concerning CO2 fixation, and studies on total systems for CO2 mitigation. On the afternoon of the same day, they visited to Todai-ji temple located in the world famous ancient capital of... 

C. Chen, and T. Hong, The role of hydrogen in diamond synthesis from carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon gases by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition, Sutf. Coat Technol, 54-55(l-3) 368-373 (1992)... 

Just as conditions can be adjusted so that nickel produces methane as the sole hydrocarbon, so, in the case of zinc oxide, methanol may be produced as the only alcohol. Similarly, just as methane is the sole hydrocarbon that can be formed by direct synthesis from carbon dioxide and hydrogen, so methanol is the only alcohol of which this is true. 

G. C. Chinchen,M.S.Spencer,Sensitiveandinsensitivereactionsoncoppercatalystsithe water-gas shift reaction and methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide, Catal. Today 10 (1991) 293-301. 

Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide. Acetic acid synthesis from methane and carbon dioxide was reported under the conditions similar to those for methane carbonylation (eqs. (38-40)) (55,60,63). The reaction shown in equation (39) is fascinating because it uses H2O2 as the oxidant and water as the solvent. 

Acetic acid can be formed from only methane and CO2. However, equations (38—40) all require excess oxidants and the fate of the oxygen atom is unclear. Acetic acid formation only from methane should be considered. In the vanadium-catalyzed acetic acid synthesis from carbon dioxide using K2S2O8 in CF3CO2H, the reaction is independent of the CO2 pressure and CF3H is formed (63). A radical mechanism is probably involved. 

Another B12 coenzyme-dependent dehydrase converts glycerol to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde. A B12-dependent ethanolamine deaminase catalyzes the irreversible conversion of ethanolamine to acetaldehyde and ammonia. A corrinoid protein participates in methyl transfer reactions and methane formation by bacteria producing methane. Corrinoid proteins are also involved in acetate synthesis from carbon dioxide. 

Chinchen, G.C., Denny, P.J., Parker, D.G., Spencer, M.S., and Whan, D.A. (1987a) Mechanism of methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide/carbon monoxide/hydrogen mixtures over copper/zinc oxide/alumina catalysts use of carbon-14-labeled reactants. Appl. Catal, 30, 333-338. 

Rozovskii, A.Y., lin, G.I., Liberov, L.G., Slivin-skii, E.V., Loktev, S.M., Kagan, Y.B., and Bashkirov, A.N. (1977) Mechanism of methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide and hydrogen, 111. Determination of rates of individual stages using CO. Kinet. Catal., 18, 691-699. 

Tagawa, T, Plerzier, G., and Amenomiya, Y. (1985) Methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide -H hydrogen. I. Characterization of catalysts by TPD. Appl Cat, 18, 285-293. 

Jung KT, Bell AT (2001) An in situ infrared study of dimethyl carbonate synthesis from carbon dioxide and methanol over zirconia. J Catal 204 339-347... 

Sakakura T, Saito Y, Choi J-C, Masuda T, Sako T, Oriyama T (1999) Metal-catalyzed carbonate synthesis from carbon dioxide and acetals. J Org Chem 64 4506-4508... 

Kdppel RA, Stocker C, Baiker A (1998) Copper- and silver-zirconia aerogels preparation, structural properties and catalytic behavior in methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide. J Catal 179 515-527... 

Takeshi K, Itaru H, Hirotaka M, Kozo M, Kenji U, Taiki W, Masahiro S (2001) Kinetic study of methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Appl Organranet Chem 15 121-126... 

Collins SE, Baltanas MA, Bonivardi AL (2004) An infrared study of the intermediates of methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide over Pd/p-Ga203. J Catal 226 410-421... 

L. Han, H.-J. Choi, S.-J. Choi, B. Liub, D.-W. Park, Microwave synthesized quaternized celluloses for cyclic carbonate synthesis from carbon dioxide and epoxides. Green Chem. 13 (2011) 1023-1028. 

Saito, M. Fujitani, T Takeuchi, M. Watanabe, T. Development of Copper/Zinc Oxide-Based Multicomponent Catalysts for Methanol Synthesis from Carbon dioxide and Hydrogen. App/. CatalA. Gen. 1996, 138, 311-318. 

Takagawa, M. Okamoto, A. Fujimura, H. Izawa, Y and Arakawa, H. Ethanol Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal 1998,114, 525-528. 

Kurakata, H. Izumi, Y Aika, K. Ethanol Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide on TiO -Supported [Rhj Se] Catalyst. Chem. Commun. 1996, 389-390. 

Xei, S. Bell, A.T. An Raman Study of Dimethyl Carbonate Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide and Methanol over Ziieonia. Catal. Lett. 2000,70,137-143. 

In the present work a series of Cu/ZrOj catalysts were prepared and tested for methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Special emphasis was devoted to the influence of the preparation variables on the structural, chemical and catalytic properties of the catalysts. 

The above studies [8-10] strongly indicate the participation of silanol groups as acid sites in the amine-catalyzed reactions. The synergistic catalysis of immobilized organic bases and silanol groups has been highlighted by the cyclic carbonate synthesis from carbon dioxide and epoxide. Acid-base dual activation mechanism of the cyclic carbonate synthesis is widely accepted. Sakakura and coworkers [11] reported silica-supported phosphonium salts as highly active catalysts for the cyclic carbonate synthesis. The results for propylene carbonate synthesis are summarized... 

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