Cellulose quaternization

Again, Hess and Ljubitsch106 remarked that a combination of the phenomena of sulfonylation, chlorination, and quaternization failed to provide a coherent explanation for their observations on the prolonged treatment of cellulose with tosyl chloride in pyridine. Re-examination thereof, with special attention to the possible formation of anhydro rings (and, perhaps, of double bonds), is indicated. 

Binyamin, Chen and Heller reported that wired enzyme electrodes constituted of glassy carbon electrodes coated with poly(4-vinylpyridine) complexed with [Os(bpy)2Cl] and quarternized with 2-bromoethylamine or poly[(iV-vinylimidazole) complexed with [Os(4,4 -dimethyl-2,2 -bypyridine)2Cl] or poly(vinylpyridine) complexed with [Os(4,4 -dimethoxy-2,2 -bypyridine)2Cl] quaternized with methyl groups lost their electrocatalytic activity more rapidly in serum or saline phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) in the presence of urate and transitional metal ions such as Zn and Fe " " than in plain saline phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). It was reported that as much as two-thirds of the current is lost in 2 h in some anodes. However, when a composite membrane of cellulose acetate, Nafion, and the polyaziridine-cross-linked co-polymer of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) quaternized with bromoacetic acid was applied, the glucose sensor stability in serum was improved and maintained for at least 3 days [27,50]. 

Cationic polymers such as polymer JR (polyquaternium-10), a quater-nized cellulosic ingredient [6] cationic guar, a quaternized polymer of galactose Merquat polymers (polyquaternium-6 and -7) copolymers of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide [7] and Gafquat polymers (polyquaternium-11) (copolymer of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and dimethy-laminoethyl methacrylate) [8] have all been used and are currently used in conditioning shampoos, setting lotions, or mousses. 

Quaternized hydroxyetliyl cellulose with a charge density of 689 (polymer JR) polyquaternium-10)... 

The resins of mousses are generally cationic (e.g., polyquaternium-4 or polyquaternium-11), cationic and neutral, cationic and anionic, or amphoteric. Polyquaternium-4 is a copolymer of hydroxyethyl cellulose and dial-lyldimethylammonium chlordie. This polymer is related to the quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose polymer depicted in Table 7-2, except the cationic groups are formed from the diaUyldimethylammonium chloride moiety attached to the cellulosic backbone. 

Quaternized cellulose is used as a sorbent to remove azo dyes from wastewater samples. For cellulose recycHng purposes reductive degradation was performed and products of Orange II and Remazol Red F3B were determined by ESI-LC-MS and MS spectra of azo dyes and reduction products were reported [429]. As major oxidative degradation products of the azo dye Uniblue A four reaction products were identified under UV irradiation (254 nm)/ peroxydisulfate treatment. Possible reaction pathways were discussed [421]. 

L. Han, H.-J. Choi, S.-J. Choi, B. Liub, D.-W. Park, Microwave synthesized quaternized celluloses for cyclic carbonate synthesis from carbon dioxide and epoxides. Green Chem. 13 (2011) 1023-1028. 

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