Syngas treatment

As in the case of the linear carboxylic acids, the principal by-products are water, C02 and the corresponding hydrocarbons. Substantial quantities of iso-butane are formed for example during iso-butyric acid homologation (see Experimental Section) while 2-methylpentane accompanies the formation of 2,2-dimethylvaleric acid during syngas treatment of 2-methylvaleric acid. 

Figure 13.4 Sketch of a plasma torch-based plant with associated syngas treatment.

There are many commercial installations of each type, treating a variety of natural gas and syngas streams. For syngas treatment, the principal chemical-type... 

Conversly, the Fe3(C0)12 NaY adduct is active for syngas conversion. A non-decomposed sample exhibits a significant activity at 230°C whereas the catalytic efficiency for the decar-bonylated one already appears at 200°C. Infrared experiments show an increase in the stability of the Fe3(C0)- 2 units upon thermal treatment under CO atmosphere so that total carbon monoxide evolution only takes place at 230°C thus suggesting that the catalyst is certainly not Fe3(C0)- 2. This cluster has to be transformed into higher nuclearity species which bind less strongly with carbon monoxide upon CO re-adsorption (1 7). 

In this paper we disclose the syngas homologation of carboxylic acids via ruthenium homogeneous catalysis. This novel homologation reaction involves treatment of lower MW carboxylic acids with synthesis gas (C0/H2) in the presence of soluble ruthenium species, e.g., Ru02, Ru3(C0)12, H4Ru4(C0)12, coupled with iodide-containing promoters such as HI or an alkyl iodide (1). 

Approximately 30% of total hydrogen production comes from heavy oil and 20% from coal [6]. Lighter liquid hydrocarbons are - after desulfurization - also converted by steam reforming on nickel catalysts. The downstream treatment of syngas is the same as for natural gas. 

Total costs may be reduced by charging gate fees for the acceptance of mixed plastic waste or municipal solid waste as feedstock or from the sale of treatment products such as the syngas or ammonium chloride (D19926C, p. 17 D199013, p. 3 D10958K, pp. 47, 51). 

State-of-the-art precombustion C02 capture technology in an IGCC plant employs amine-absorption treatment of the syngas however, even when optimized, this... 

Although a reasonable amount of research effort has been expended on thermochemical liquefaction of wood, extensive commercialization of this process is not anticipated in the near future. The basis of the method is a high-pressure and high-temperature treatment of wood chips in the presence of hydrogen gas or syngas to produce an oil instead of a gas. The... 

Figure 106. Steam system o( a modern steam reforming a) Steam drum. 125 bar b) NH, loop c) Turbine for syngas compressor d) Turbine for process air compressor and alternator e) Surface condenser f) Condensate treatment g) BFW pump...

The capital cost of POX can be high because of the need for post treatment of the raw syngas to remove carbon and acid gases. There are also issues of coke and soot formation if the oxidation temperature becomes too low or the mixing of the feed components is incomplete. The addition of steam to the process allows for greater flame temperature control and suppression of carbon however, the hydrogen production efficiency is reduced due to more fuel being consumed in the combustion... 

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