1,1*- synergism with commercial

CMCs of LAS-AOS mixtures in water that contained no calcium or magnesium ions were determined by Suri et al. [3] by means of the surface tension method. The purpose of this work was to study the advantage of LAS-AOS synergism in prototype phosphate-free carbonate-built formulations for use in the Indian market. The authors have used a commercial C10-C14 LAS sample with an average molecular weight of 343 and a commercial C16-C18 AOS sample with an average molecular weight of 350. 

The extractant is a commercial mixture of mono- and dioctyl phenyl phosphoric acid (OPPA). It is used in conjuction with tributyl phosphate (TBP). Stripping is by ammonium carbonate solution. The mixture shows synergism. Uranium is extracted in the tetravalent state. The process is much less expensive and possesses a higher extracting power than D2EHPA-TOPO combination. 

FBAs applied in combination may show a synergistic effect. Synergism is, at present, only of commercial interest with polyester brighteners. This phenomenon is discussed further in section 11.10. Conversely, the presence of a trace impurity in an FBA formulation may greatly reduce its effectiveness. In industrial laboratories much time and effort is expended in developing processes to minimise the content of such impurities or even to eliminate them completely. 

Preparation of Krebs-2 translation extracts Krebs-2 extracts are an ideal system to screen for compounds that inhibit translation because they faithfully recapitulate the cap dependency and the cap-poly(A) synergism associated with eukaryotic mRNA translation (Svitkin and Sonenberg, 2004), unlike standard rabbit reticulocyte lysates (RRL) (Borman et al., 2000). Furthermore, the translation of many types of IRESes is supported in Krebs-2 extracts. The use of commercially available translation competent extracts prepared from RRL, wheat germ, and E. coli is extremely useful in assessing selectivity of inhibitors identified in primary screens. 

The use of zwitterionic surfactants commercially has increased dramatically in recent years (U because of their unique properties, such as compatibility and synergism when used in conjunction with most other types of surfactants. This type of surfactant is used in textile processing aids, cosmetic products, cleaning agents, and as antistatic agents. The sulfobetaines have been found to be very good lime soap disperants ( ). 

Aroma compounds originate from biosynthetic pathways inside an animal, a botanical body, and other life-forms as well as enzymes and thus frequently carry chiral components within the molecule. Determination of such enantiomeric properties can, in many cases, be accomplished using a GC column with a chiral stationary phase (CSP) application.75-79 These columns, usually called chiral GC column, will provide diastereometric interaction that could lead to resolution of enantiomers. Commercially available chiral GC columns predominantly utilize cyclodextrin derivatives as CSPs. Chiral columns consisting of multiple cyclodextrin derivatives intending synergic effect in resolution property80 are also successful in the market. In practice, these columns are mainly operated as secondary columns in MDGC technique. 

A mixture of malathion plus synergized pyrethrins was introduced into New South Wales, Australia. Its efficacy was studied in commercial stores by Des-marchelier et at. (1979). who found that treatment of stores in the South Dubbo region in 1977, with 18 gl malathion plus 3gl of synergized pyrelhrins resulted in 255 infestations (1 live insect or more) of R dominie a and T. iasiu-neum. of which only 17 wrere heavy (more than I insect per 5 kg). This compared favourably with the 614 infestations, of which 34 were heavy, reported for the same stores in 1976. when 18 g t 1 malathion alone was used. 

Commercial formulations using these techniques have extended the residual activity of synergized pyrethrins to German cockroaches under field conditions to 1 month (Bennet and Rea. 1978). This feature, coupled with low mammalian... 

Tests in 1984 with synergized pvrethrins in a microencapsulated polymer system in an isopropauol-bused spray demonstrated the benefits of the system in prolonging the residual effects of synergized pyrethrins and resulted in the development of a successful commercial product (MacDonald and Miller, 198b). 

Most of the UV-absorbers (UVA) used commercially fall into two main classes of compounds, the 2-hydroxybenzophenones, e.g., AO 28, Table 1, and the 2-hydroxybenzotriazoles, e.g., AOs 29-32, Table 1, with the 2-hydroxy group being essential for their activity. These UVAs operate by additional mechanisms too, for example, by removing initiating radicals (e.g., alkoxyl radicals) in a weak chain breaking-donor (CB-D) mechanism.UV absorbers, such as AO 28, also synergize effectively with peroxide decomposers, e.g., metal dithiolates, see Table 4. 

Such intricate interactions suggest possible synergisms that could be investigated. Will small amounts of added SDS strengthen the protein network causing final displacement with a nonionic surfactant to occur at higher surface pressures Such studies are needed to imderstand subtle interplays between the mixtures of surfactants encoimtered in commercial food samples. 

---