Synchrotron radiation stability

Topsee and coworkers—in situ XRD synchrotron studies indicate well-dispersed metallic Cu particles upon activation ZnO observed to strain Cu particles by EELS. Topsoe and coworkers,264 utilizing in situ XRD with synchrotron radiation, demonstrated that the Cu phase transforms primarily to a crystalline metallic Cu phase from CuO precursor during activation. Smaller particles were detected when the ternary A1203 component was present (9.5 nm versus 14 nm for the binary Cu/Zn catalyst), indicating that alumina acts primarily as a structural stabilizer, a spacer for well-dispersed Cu particles, which assists in minimizing sintering. 

An ozone treatment (10 minutes at room temperature) of the HF-etched SiC surface before the metallization step was introduced as a very convenient processing step to produce Schottky diode gas sensors with an increased stability and reproducibility. The use of spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis and also photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation showed that an oxide, 1-nm in thickness, was formed by the ozone exposure [74, 75]. The oxide was also found to be close to stochiometric SiO in composition. This thin oxide increased the stability of the SiC Schottky diodes considerably, without the need for any further interfacial layer such as Ta or TaSi which have been frequently used. Schottky diodes employing a porous Pt gate electrode and the ozone-produced interfacial layer have been successfully operated in both diesel exhausts and flue gases [76, 77]. 

The light sources used for CD measurements must be intense and should possess good short-term stability. Synchrotron radiation promises to be an excellent source of radiation for CD measurements in the wavelength range from vacuum ultraviolet to infrared 247, 248). 

In tandem with the increased number of synchrotron radiation sources, and therefore increased beamtime, is the increased reliability and stability of the sources themselves, and the ease of operation of the beam lines. These advances have enabled researchers to be able to plan and conduct the necessary experiments. Coupled with the increased ability to collect... 

ISH99] ISfflZAWA N., MATSUSSfflMA Y., HAYASHI M., UEKI M., Synchrotron radiation study of yttria stabilized zirconia ZrojssYq 2420i.879 Cryst. B, vol. 55,... 

The most attractive features of synchrotron radiation include (1) high intensity (2) broad spectral range (3) high polarization (4) natural collimation (5) small source-spot size (6) stability and (7) pulsed time structure. 

Most of the current optics using Synchrotron Radiation diffracts in the vertical plane and thus is sensitive to vertical bouncing of the beam. The horizontal optical plane of the dispersive scheme combines this extra advantage which helps to keep superior energy resolution since the orbit seems to show a better stability in the horizontal direction. Owing to the horizontal polarization of S.R., one must consider the cos (20) attenuation factor which reduces the Darwin width of the crystal. This results in a lower reflectivity and an improved energy resolution as well. 

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