Symbols hazardous substances

Materials that demonstrate unusual reactivity with water are identified as and materials that possess oxidizing properties shall be identified by the letters Z. Other special hazard symbols may be used to identify radioactive hazards, corrosive hazards, substances that are toxic to fish, and so on. 

Marking of hazardous substances by standardized danger symbols (usually on the packaging provided by the respective manufacturer). Important symbols are shown in Figure 7.19. 

There are currently no official Swiss criteria fcv classification of substances as dangerous for the environment , although in due course the EC scheme is likely to be adc ted. Hence the EC classification and labelling can be used for Switzerland, except for the EC hazard symbol. There arc also no criteria fw classification and labelling of chemical products containing substances which are dangerous for the environment , although their evaluation will take account of the content of such environmentally hazardous substances. 

The classification of the hazardous substance, for preparations the classification of all hazardous components is given, including the symbol letters and risk phrases (R-phrases). 

Product labels include details of the hazards associated with the substances contained in the product and any precautions recommended. They may also bear one or more of the CHIP hazard classification symbols. Product safety data sheets are another very useful source of information for hazard identification and associated advice. Manufacturers of hazardous substances are obliged to supply such sheets to users giving details of the name, chemical composition and properties of the substance. Information on the nature of the hazards and any relevant standards (WEL) should also be given. The sheets contain useful additional information on first aid and fire fighting measures and... 

Table 1. Results of What-If analysis of traffic accident with oil products, at the junction of the D1 highway with the Brno-Vienna road, class 1, No. 52, on the territory of the city of Bmo. DN— the impacts of a normal traffic accident, NL—other impacts traffic accidents involving the hazardous substances (fuel, oil products) the impacts are listed in the times of 0, 3 and 12 hours and 3 days, taking the time of 0 indicates the time of the accident origin the symbol ... 

Do NOT wash away into sewer. Sweep spilled substance into containers if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. Personal protection P3 filter respirator for toxic particles. Unbreakable packaging put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. EU Classification Symbol T, N R 21-25-36/38-48/23/25-50/53 S 1/2-35-36/37/39-45-60-61 Note A, 1 UN Classification UN Hazard Class 6.1 ... 

Substances Hazardous to Health, See also Toxic chemicals, 19, 138, 140 Substitution, 133 Sulphur, 30 Sulphur dioxide first aid, 280, 306 physical properties, 306 physiological properties, 69, 71, 304, 305 precautions, 305, 306 vapour pressure, 305 Suppression, 135 Surface area effects, 50, 199 Symbols for dangerous substances, 446, 452 Synthetic lubricants, 159 Synthetic resins, 172 Systemic poisons, 19, 77... 

All chemical substances have to be evaluated to decide if they are classified as dangerous according to the requirements of the DSD. These dangerous properties are communicated to the user by standardised labelling, which consists of a dangerous symbol, information on hazardous properties (risk, R phrases) and advice on safety (S phrases). 

For substances and mixtures covered by the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations, the precedence of symbols for physical hazards should follow the rules of the UN Model Regulations. In workplace situations, the competent authority may require all symbols for physical hazards to be used. For health hazards the following principles of precedence apply ... 

Hazards identification GHS classification of the substance/mixture and any national or regional information. GHS label elements, including precautionary statements. (Hazard symbols may be provided as a graphical reproduction of the symbols in black and white or the name of the symbol e.g. flame, skull and crossbones.) Other hazards which do not result in classification (e.g. dust explosion hazard) or are not covered by the GHS. 

NOTE If a substance/mixture is also determined to be corrosive (based on data such as skin or eye data), corrosivity hazard may also be communicated by some authorities as symbol and/or hazard statement. That is, in addition to an appropriate acute toxicity symbol, a corrosivity symbol (used for skin and eye corrosivity) may be added along with a corrosivity hazard statement such as corrosive or corrosive to the respiratory tract . 

In this respect the recent Conservation Foundation report of the Belmont House Conference on labeling of hazardous and toxic substances in 1978 is instructive. The Labeling Committee report suggested the use of two types of graphic symbols one, generic, designed to evoke a non-specific call for attention or stop on the part of the reader and, two, a graphic symbol to inform the reader of the specific hazard. The report recommends a combination of text and symbols for the label. 

Substances which have fatal effects or cause severe health problems in low doses are classified as toxic. Toxic compounds are labeled with the dedicated R-phrase and the hazard symbol skuU-and-crossbones T with the hazard specification toxic . The exact criteria are summarized in Table 3.3. 

Liquid substances with a flash point between 21 and 55 °C are classified as flammable. For labeling, only R 10 is required, without a danger symbol. It is important to note that the flammable classification is the only example of a hazardous property without a danger symbol. 

The danger symbols must signal the most important hazard and therefore have the effect of a first important announcement. On the other hand the R- and S-phrases are more addressed to informed people. Every package of dangerous substances or preparations should have a clear and indehble label with the following elements, laid down in the above-mentioned Directives ... 

Typical substances are those that have the hazard symbol Xn, Xi, or N or are not otherwise regulated. 

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