Sweeteners, natural

Alkanolamines with at least one NCH2CHOHCH,i grouping. Important materials include monoisopropanolamine NHX H CHOHCH, b.p. 159 C di-iso-propanolamine NH(CH CHOHCH b.p. 248 C triisopropanolamine NtCH -CHOHCHi). , b.p. 300 C. Manufactured from ammonia and propylene oxide. U ed, is weedkillers, as stabilizers for plastics, in detergents, alkanolaniine soaps for sweetening natural gas and in synthesis. 

Process for Recovery of Natural Gas Liquids From a Sweetened Natural Gas Stream, U.S. Patent 4,421.535, Dec. 20, 1983. 

Diglycolamine Systems. The Fluor Econamine process uses digl> co lamine (DGA) to sweeten natural gas. The active DGA reagent is 2-(2-tunino-ethoxy) ethanol, w hich is a primary amine. The reactions of DG, with acid gases are the same as for MEA. Degradation products from reactions with COS and CS2 can be regenerated in a reclaimer. 

Diisopropanolamine Systems. Diisopropanolamine (DIPA) is a secondary amine used in the Shell ADIP process to sweeten natural gas. DIPA systems are similar to MEA systems but offer the following ad an-tages carbonyl sulfide (COS) can be removed and regenerated easily and the system is generally noncorrosive and requires less heat input. 

The German Lurgi Company and Linde A. G. developed the Rectisol process to use methanol to sweeten natural gas. Due to the high vapor pressure of methanol this process is usually operated at temperatures of -30 to -100°F. It has been applied to the purification of gas 1 plants and in coal gasification plants, but is not used commonlv natural gas streams. 

Lorberth, R., Ritte, G., Willmitzer, L., Kossmann, J. (1998). Inhibition of a starch-granule-bound protein leads to modified stareh and repression of eold sweetening. Nature Biotech., 16, 473 77. 

But in the natural-gas fields, where modern design techniques have been slow to penetrate, bubble-cap trays are still widely employed, to dehydrate and sweeten natural gas in remote locations. 

I ve adapted these easy and wholesome cookies fiom one of my favorite health-oriented cookbooks, N ourishing Traditions by Sally Fallon. A fantastic treat for kids, they re sweetened naturally with sweet potatoes and maple syrup and contain no refined sugar. I make these for Clyde s snack day or class parties at school, and because they bake to a gorgeous orange color, they re also perfect at any fall or Thanksgiving table. 

Although many processes are available to sweeten natural gas -that is to remove the acid gases - those based on alkanolamines are the most common. 

Other processes are available for sweetening natural gas, but the alkanolamine systems are by far the most common. More discussion about processes for sweetening natural gas can be found in Kohl and Nielsen (1997). 

At first look, we should be able to achieve this using a process similar to those used for sweetening natural gas. However, there are several factors that complicate this. 

Sweeteners, natural. Noncaloric sucrose substitutes for use in the sweetening of foods, beverages and medicines may be either synthetic compounds or natural products. Highly sweet, potentially noncariogenic sweeteners from plants are used in Japan and some... 

Hardison, L. C., 1984, Applications of the LO-CAT Process to Sweetening Natural Gas, Proceedings Gas Conditioning Coitference, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, March 5-7. 

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