Suture industry

The use of biodegradable polymeric systems for tumor immunotherapy has received limited study as compared with more conventional cell-based approaches.However, the advantage for tumor immunotherapy lies in the diversity of materials already generated from years of research in the suture industry and more recently from the area of controlled drug release. 

Medical Usage. Isopropyl alcohol is also used as an antiseptic and disinfectant for home, hospital, and industry (see Disinfectants and antiseptics). It is about twice as effective as ethyl alcohol in these appHcations (153,154). Rubbing alcohol, a popular 70 vol % isopropyl alcohol-in-water mixture, exemplifies the medicinal use of isopropyl alcohol. Other examples include 30 vol % isopropyl alcohol solutions for medicinal liniments, tinctures of green soap, scalp tonics, and tincture of mercurophen. It is contained in pharmaceuticals, eg, local anesthetics, tincture of iodine, and bathing solutions for surgical sutures and dressings. Over 200 uses of isopropyl alcohol have been tabulated (2). 

Cellular response, suture material biocompatibility and, 24 216 Cellulases, 5 361-362 70 282-284 benefits of, 70 283 as bleaching agents, 4 64 cotton modification, 8 30 textile industry, 70 302 Cellulon, 5 363-364... 

Lactic acid is an important chemical that has wide applications in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and chemical industries. There are increasing interests in production of lactate esters and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) from lactic acid. Lactate esters are a relatively new family of solvents with specific properties. They are considered safe and are biodegradable (1). In many situations they can replace toxic solvents. Their functions vary from that of intermediates in chemical reactions to solvents in ink formulations and cleaning applications (2). PLA has been widely used in medical implants, sutures, and drug-delivery systems because of its capacity to dissolve over time (3-5). PLA also can be used in products such as plant pots, disposable diapers, and textile fabrics. 

Amidase Nocardia Polyamide 6 Textile industry, sutures Heumann et al. 

Nonetheless, artificial biodegradable aliphatic polyesters are still mainly based on the industrial polymerization of monomers such as glycolic acid (PGA), lactic acid (PLA), and caprolactone (PCL). (See Figure 12.29). These polyesters are applied in implants, absorbable sutures, controlled-release packaging, and degradable films and moldings. 

Specialty polymers achieve very high performance and find limited but critical use in aerospace composites, in electronic industries, as membranes for gas and liquid separations, as fire-retardant textile fabrics for firefighters and race-car drivers, and for biomedical applications (as sutures and surgical implants). The most important class of specialty plastics is polyimides. Other specialty polymers include polyetherimide, poly(amide-imide), polybismaleimides, ionic polymers, polyphosphazenes, poly(aryl ether ketones), polyarylates and related aromatic polyesters, and ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (Fig. 14.9). 

Industrially this process is catalysed with tin(ii) octanoate and there is a desire to move away from tin and use less-toxic metals or even metal-free conditions. The polymer itself is used in a diverse range of applications from commodity plastics (packaging) to high-end biological uses (tissue engineering, sutures and stents). " In the mechanism initially the ester coordinates to the Lewis-acidic metal centre, the alkoxide then attacks the carbonyl carbon and the lactide ring opens and new alkoxide is formed and... 

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