Surfactants and Foaming

A foam can be generated by using an inert gas and a fluorocarbon surfactant solution in admixture with an amphoteric or anionic hydrocarbon surfactant solution. A relatively small amount of the fluorocarbon surfactant is operative when mixed with the hydrocarbon surfactant and foamed. The foam has better stability than a foam made with hydrocarbon surfactant alone when in contact with oil [1491]. 

At a given NaCI concentration, an increase in temperature resulted in an increase in interfacial tension. In contrast, for a narrow range of CaCI concentrations, interfacial tensions decreased with increasing temperatures. Changes of the amphiphile at the oil/water interface accounted for some of the experimental observations. Since the extent of oil desaturation is dependent on interfacial tension, the tension data could be used to assess the ability of surfactants to reduce oil saturations in the reservoir for application of surfactants and foams to thermal recovery processes. 

There are also several examples of natural surfactants and foams in the human body. The understanding of the pulmonary surfactant system, although discovered in 1929, has only been applied clinically since about 1990 for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. Surfactant replacement therapy may also be used in treating other forms of lung disease, such as meconium aspiration syndrome, neonatal pneumonia and congenital diaphragmatic hernia [881]. Lung surfactant, composed of phospholipids and proteins [882,883], is necessary to maintain a low surface tension at the alveolar air-liquid interface. When there is a deficiency of surfac-... 

Table III. Effect of Surfactant and Foaming on the Rate of Release of Abate...

The adaptation of the Multiflood simulator used in this work is not entirely satisfactory. A new simulatorr or adaptation of an existing simulator to include the surfactant and foam behavior, is desirable. 

There are also several examples of natural surfactants and foams in the human body. The understanding of the pulmonary surfactant system, although discovered in 1929, has only been applied clinically since about 1990 for the treatment... 

Many research laboratories are actively involved in investigating the use of surfactants in light and heavy oil recovery. Surfactant and foam flooding may become more widely acc ted as more is learned about the mechanism of oil displacement and as these processes are improved and tested in the fi. The contact of surfactants with residual oil. 

The compatibility of structure between foaming surfactant and foam stabilizer carbon chain length, straight or branched, and so forth. 

Finally, a few words are in order on research trends in the field, current and future ones. Colloid and surface science is not just an area of extensive applications but also an active field of research in essentially all its dimensions. Even a brief account of research trends in colloids and interfaces would require a separate book. We have nevertheless attempted to present research examples throughout the book, via case studies and problems, some of them taken from industrially-oriented applications. Several examples have been presented in the fields of paints, wetting and adhesion, surface characterization, surfactants and foams in Chapters 3,5,6 and 13. 

Chem. Descrip. Water and potassium lauroyl wheat amino acids Uses Surfactant and foam stabilizer for skin and hair care prods. 

Uses Secondary surfactant and foam builder for shampoos, body washes and other cleansing prods. 

Uses Primary or sec. surfactant and foam builder/stabilizer for soap bars, temporary color shampoos and medical scrubs Features Ultra low salt content Properties Liq. pH 11 34% act. 

Uses Surfactant and foam builder in personal care prods. 

Chem. Descrlp. Blend of high foaming surfactants and foam stabilizing agents... 

Formula CH2=CH(CH2)8C0NHCH2CH2NCH2CH20HCH2C00Na Uses Surfactant and foaming agent in cosmetics Sodium undecyienoamphopropionate Synonyms 10-Undecenamide, N-[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl) (2-carboxyethyl) amino] ethyl]-, sodium salt... 

Definition Triethanolamine salt of the sulfate of CIO-15 alkyl sulfuric acid Formuia ROSO3H N(CH,CH20H)3, where R rep, the CIO-15 alkyl group Uses Surfactant and foaming agent in cosmetics ManuWistrib. Somerset Cosmetic Co, Variati TEA-C12-15 alkyl sulfate CAS 68815-25-8 EINECS/ELINCS 272-364-0... 

G. Keramik F. c6ramique The production of c. needs auxiliaries. Depending on the various technologies used in this industry, there are applications of RR-based products as plasticizers and lubricants (- stearic acid and their - metallic soaps, - oleic acid and - glycerol), deflocculants (mainly -+oleic acid, but also - stearic acid, - tartaric acid), - surfactants and foam depressants (steara-tes,-4metallic soaps,- fatty alcohols). 

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