Surface properties, wool

Electrokinetic measurements Enzymatic treatment Surface properties Wool... 

Oxidation of the surface of wool fibers is known to reduce felting shrinkage as well as improve other properties of wool fibers (37) Oxidation may be proformed or effected in a number of ways including gas phase plasma treatment (38). 

Makinson, K. R., Surface Properties of Wool Fibers, Surface Charac-... 

Summary Silanes are used as additives in numerous examples of resin chemistry. From these progresses in two applications, mineral wool production and paper impregnation, are highlighted. In the first application, silane acts as a typical coupling agent to improve the binding between resin and fiber, whereas in the latter, silane functions as a modifier to improve surface properties of the final laminate. 

Interfacial and solution polycondensations are commercially important. For example, an unstirred interfacial poly condensation reaction is utilized in the production of polyamide fibers. Another important application of interfacial polycondensation is the enhancement of shrink resistance of wool. The wool is immersed first in a solution containing one of the reactants and subsequently in another solution containing the other reactant. The polymer resulting from the interfacial reaction coats the wool and improves its surface properties. 

Flattened cuticle cells primarily account for most of the surface properties of mammalian fibers. In Merino wool, cuticle cells are approximately 20 xm x 30 xm x 0.7 xm [35]. Cuticle cells overlap both longitudinally and circumferentially with exposed lips or scale edges pointing toward the distal end of the fiber. The scale edges are thought to aid in the removal of dirt and vegetable matter, but they may also assist in anchoring the fiber to the skin [36]. 

Kan, C.W., Chan, K., Yuen, C.W.M., Miao, M.H., 1997. Physico-chemical study on the surface properties of physically and chemically treated wool fibre. J. Hong Kong Inst. Text. Apparel 1 (1), 33 7. 

Sinha E, Panigrahi S (2009) Effect of plasma treatment on structure. Wettability of jute fiber and flexural strength of its composite. J Compos Mater 43(17) 1791-1802 Kan CW et al (1998) Surface properties of low-temperature plasma treated wool fabrics. J Mater Process Technol 83(1-3) 180-184... 

Following early ETEM investigations using environmental cells, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) has been developed for characterization of surface effects of bulk SEM samples in the presence of gaseous or wet environments (111-114). The method has been applied to the examination of food, wool fibers (111), and polymers (112) and in the conservation of cultural properties (113). Recently, fuel cell catalysts have been characterized using a low-voltage ESEM with a resolution capability of 2 nm (114). 

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