Surface grafting, methyl acrylate

Figure 6 and 7. Surface grafting of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) films with acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MAA), crotonic acid (CA), tiglic acid (TA), 3-methylcrotonic acid (3-MCA) and a-methyl cinnamic acid (a-MCA), measured by absorption of visible light after grafting for 2 min. with vapor phase method and dipping in aqueous solution of crystal violet. 

Bell, 1989 Rhee and Bell, 1991), random copolymers of methyl acrylate and acrylonitrile were directly polymerized onto the carbon fiber surface. Dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and distilled water proved to be useful as solvents for this process. Polymerization can take place on the carbon fiber electrode, with initial wetting of the fiber surface leading to better adhesion of the polymer formed. The structure and properties of the polymer can be varied by employing different vinyl and cyclic monomers in homopolymerization. Chemical bond can also be formed, such as polymer grafting to the carbon fiber surface. 

There was a strong possibility that initiation occurred via photosensitized formation of hydrogen peroxide on the metal oxide surface followed by desorption and subsequent photolysis of hydrogen peroxide to form free radicals. Radicals formed by this means would lead to abstraction of hydrogen from the fiber surface and subsequent grafting of poly(methyl acrylate) at these sites. 

Electron beam irradiation is another commonly used method to modify the surface hydrophlicity of microporous polyolefin membranes. In a typical process, a microporous PP membrane was grafted with acrylic acid and diethylene glycol-dimethacrylate (DEGDM) (Nasef and Hegazy, 2004) monomers using electron beam irradiation to create a hydrophilic surface. The modified membranes showed enhanced electrolyte uptake, ionic conductivity, and cycle life as compared with unmodified PP membranes. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) (Kim and lim, 2010) have also been... 

Grafting of hyperbranched PAMAM onto silica nanoparticle surface was achieved by repeating two steps, (1) Michael addition of methyl acrylate (MA) to amino group on the surface and (2) amidation of terminal methyl ester group with ethylenediamine (EDA) as shown in Scheme 6. 

Turning to the mechanisms of adhesion, the graft copolymer layer between the polyethylene substrate and hydrolysed poly(methyl acrylate) surface layer... 

Figure 58 A binary polymer brush layer on a silicon wafer was prepared from rubbery poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and glassy poly (styrene-co-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene) (PSF) using the grafting from approach. A series of force-distance curves were collected before and after the experiments to confirm the deformation was elastic, (a) The experimental loading curve (circles), fitting with the trilayered model (solid line, almost completely buried by experimental data points) and Hertzian model (dashed line), (b) Experimental depth distribution of the elastic modulus for the polymer brush layer (circles) and the best fitting with the trilayered model (solid line) showing slight increase in the elastic modulus near the surface and sharp increase in proximity to a stiff substrate. Reprinted with permission from Kovalev, A. Shulha, H. Lemieux, M. et al. J. Mater. Res. 2004,19,716. Copyright 2005 Materials Research Society.

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