Surface active agents fatty acid based

Oils and fats have been important throughout human history not only for food, but also as lubricants, polishes, ointments, and fuel. The reaction of oils and fats with alkali (saponification) produces soap (salts of fatty acids) and glycerin. This chemical process was known to the Romans and continues to be of significant commercial importance. Today, tens of thousands of tons of soap are produced annually from tallow and plant oils. Tallow is a by-product of the meat industry, while the principal plant oils are dependent on extensive plantations—palm and palm kernel oils from Indonesia, Malaysia, and India, and coconut oil from the Philippines and Brazil. Twentieth-century chemists designed more effective synthetic, crude-oil-based surface-active agents (surfactants, e.g., sodium linearalkylbenzene-sulfonate or LAS) for fabric, household, and industrial cleaning applications, and specialty surfactants to meet the needs of consumer products industry such as milder skin and hair cleansers. 

H. Muller, C. P. Herold, and J. F. Fues. Use of surface-active a-sulfo-fatty acid di-salts in water and oil based drilling fluids and other drillhole treatment agents. Patent US 5508258, 1996. 

Many rubber compounds have a tendency to stick in the mould cavity after vulcanisation and require some type of mould release agent. The substances used are surface-active materials such as detergents, soaps, wetting agents, silicone emulsions, aqueous dispersions of talc, mica and fatty acids, applied by spray or brush. Alternatively, dry types based on polytetrafluoroethylene or polyethylene, usually carried in a solvent, can be aerosol applied. An alternative is the addition of an incompatible material to the rubber compound which will bleed to the rubber surface during vulcanisation. 

Fluorinated Anionics Perfluorocarboxylic acids are much more completely ionized than fatty acids, hence are unaffected in aqueous solution by acids or polyvalent cations. They show good resistance to strong acids and bases, reducing and oxidizing agents, and heat (in excess of 600°F in some cases). They are much more surface active than the corresponding carboxylic acids and can reduce the... 

Surface-Active Materials. The active defoamer components are necessarily surface active materials, but this ancillary category covers the surfactants that are often incorporated in the formulation for other effects such as emulsification or to enhance dispersion. Emulsifiers are essential in the common oil-in-water emulsion systems, but they are also required where mixtures of active liquid components are used. For example, specialized oil-in-oil emulsifiers are needed in defoamers based on silicone/polyether mixtures, oil-in-water emulsifiers are incorporated in some defoamers even when the final product contains no water. This is to promote emulsification (self-emulsifiable) or dispersion into aqueous foaming systems. These additives increase the speed of foam decay by promoting rapid dispersion of the defoamer throughout the foaming media. Examples of emulsifying agents used in defoamer compositions are fatty acid esters and metallic soaps of fatty acids fatty alcohols and sulfonates, sulfates, and sulfosuccinates sorbi-tan esters ethoxylated products such as ethoxylated octyl or nonylphenols and silicone-polyether copolymers. 

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