Suppress Neurogenesis

A variety of insults have been shown to be induce neurogenesis within the adult brain (Parent, 2003), either in regions that have known neurogenic activity, or even in regions where neurogenesis normally does not occur (Yamamoto et al., 2001). 

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Suppresses neurogenesis through a myostatin-like pathway... 

Guzman-Marin R, Suntsova N, Methippara M et al (2005) Sleep deprivation suppresses neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus of rats. Eur J Neurosci 22 2111-2116... 

Hairston IS, Little MT, Scanlon MD et al (2005) Sleep restriction suppresses neurogenesis induced by hippocampus-dependent learning. J Neurophysiol 94 4224 233... 

Kuhn HG, Palmer TD, Fuchs E (2001) Adult neurogenesis a compensatory mechanism for neuronal damage. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 251 152-158 Larsson E, Mandel RJ, Klein RL, Muzyczka N, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z (2002) Suppression of insult-induced neurogenesis in adult rat brain by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Exp Neurol 177 1-8... 

Kitamura T, Mishina M, Sugiyama H (2003) Enhancement of neurogenesis by running wheel exercises is suppressed in mice lacking NMDA receptor epsilon 1 subunit. Neurosci Res 47 55-63. 

In vivo neuroprotection by HDAC inhibition has been linked to upregulation of transcription of antioxidant and growth factor proteins, stimulation of neurogenesis [255], and anti-inflammatory effects [256-258]. An anti-inflammatory effect has been achieved by suppression of microglial activation [259], inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression [260], or NFkB-mediated inflammatory responses. Treatment with HDAC inhibitors also markedly inhibited ischemia-induced p53 overexpression [261, 262]. In an animal model of multiple sclerosis (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE), treatment with TSA (2, Fig. 1) activated a transcriptional program that culminated in decreased caspase 3 activity [263]. In HD, treatment of Drosophila mutants expressing Htt with the HDAC inhibitors SAHA or TSA (1 or 2, Fig. 1) suppressed neuronal photoreceptor generation [177]. 

Karishma, K.K., and J. Herbert. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) stimulates neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the rat, promotes survival of newly formed neurons and prevents corticosterone-induced suppression. Eur. J. Neurosci 16 (2002) 445-53. 

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has important effects on the proliferation of different cell populations. 5-HT is detectable early in ontogeny (Shuey et al., 1990). Pharmacologically induced depletion of serotonin in embryogenesis causes suppression, delayed onset or prolongation of neurogenesis in brain areas that receive serotonergic projections (Lauder, 1990). Apparently, the effects of 5-HT are critically concentration-dependent. Low concentrations activate neuronal Sib receptors to inhibit neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth (Whitaker-Azmitia and Azmitia,... 

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