Summer, James

A more extensive version of this work has been published, see Ref. 13. The author thanks Dr. James LeMay for several useful discussions. The programming contributions of David Turner, a summer visitor from Drexel University, and Jonathan Mohr and Deborah Weiss, Associated Western University Summer Fellowship participants, is gratefully acknowledged. This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48. 

Hepburn, James Bonaventure. The Virga Aurea, [commentary] by Adam McLean, Text translated by Patricia Tahil. Hermetic J, no. 8 (Summer 1980) 21-27. Commentary (pp. 21-24) on and reproduction of illustration from the Virga Aurea of James Bonaventure Hepburn. Text on pp. 25-27... 

Checked by James Cason, William G. Dauben, W. B. Fearing, and B. P. Summerer. 

Pamela Gibson, Ph.D. James Madison University Summer 2000... 

The author gratefully acknowledges the financial support of this work by the Duquesne University President s Writing Award for the summer of 19%. The editorial help of Dr. James Phillips during the preparation of... 

James Calamari, M.S (1954), 620 Ashford Drive, Indianapolis, IN Russel Summer, Ph.D. (1955) Regional Environmental Engineer, Boise-Cascade, International Falls, MN... 

In 1926, James Summer crystallized the enzyme urease (Chapter 16) and crystallization of other enzymes soon followed.380 In 1934, J. B. 

Edward A. Sullivan, Morton International, Danvers. MA. Hydrides James W. Summers, The Getm Company. Aron Lake. OH. hup //www. gcon.com/. Vinyl Chloride... 

Once this redox property was understood, the use of a proper chemical procedure led quickly to the identification of an isotope of a new element. Thus, a new a-emitting nuclide, now known to be 2gf Cm (half-life 162.9 d), was identified by Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso, and Ralph James in the summer of 1944 in the bombardment of 2< Pu with 32-MeV helium ions ... 

In 1926, James B. Sumner, an American chemist, showed that enzymes were pure proteins and that enzymes could be crystallized. The fact that pure proteins could be enzymes was definitively proven by John H. Northrop and Wendell M. Stanley, who worked on digestive enzymes. Summer, Northrop, and Stanley were awarded the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work. The discovery that enzyme crystals could be grown eventually allowed their actual 3-D structures to be determined by X-ray crystallography. Myoglobin was the first protein to have its structure solved by X-ray crystallography by the British scientists Max Perutz and Sir John Kendrew in 1958. In 1959, Perutz also solved the structure of hemoglobin, which led to the two scientists sharing the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. 

Unpublished data. Atmospheric samples taken during the summer of 1936 after the dust clouds from the Dust Bowl reached Washington, D. C., showed concentrations as high as 250 mg per cu cm at breathing level. Settled dust samples from various localities in Kansas and Nebraska were furnished the author by Dr. James Leake of the U. S. Public Health Service. The samples were air-elutriated and fractions submitted for both petrographic and chemical analysis. 

Owen AM, James M, Leigh PH, Summers BA, Marsden CD, Quinn NP, Lange KW, Robbins TW (1992) Fronto-striatal cognitive deficits at different stages of Parkinson s disease. Brain 775 1727-1751. 

Peer Reviewers Jonathan Carter William R, Corcoran Kenneth Daigle F. Russ Davis Tom Garvin Bill Green Dennis Hendershot John Herber Andrew Hopkins Christian Jochum Bert Knegtering William E. Lash Ian McPherson James P. Miller John Murphy Sheri Sammons Angela Summers Ian Travers Lee Valentine... 

I wish to thank audiences at VPI, the International Summer School on the Philosophy of Chemistry in Ilkley England, the South Carolina Society for Philosophy and the editors of this volume for helpful comments and criticisms of earlier drafts. I would also like to thank my student Christine James for her contributions to my thinking about objectivity. 

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