Sulphates alkanolamine

AMMONIUM SULPHATE (7783-20-2) H8N2O4S Noncombustible solid. Aqueous solution is a strong acid. Violent reaction with fused potassium chlorate potassium nitrite. Reacts with caustics, forming ammonia. Hot material reacts with nitrates, nitrites, chlorates. Incompatible with strong oxidizers sulfuric acid aliphatic amines alkanolamines, amides, organic anhydrides isocyanates, vinyl acetate aUcylene oxides epichlorohydrin. Mixture with sodium hypochlorite forms nitrogen trichloride, an unstable explosive material. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture. 

CADMIUM SULFATE or CADMIUM SULPHATE (10124-36-4) Reacts violently with carbon dust, finely divided aluminum, magnesium, potassium. May react with strong oxidizers, sulfur, selenium, aluminum, magnesium, tellurium, zinc. Aqueous solution is an acid and incompatible with sulfuric acid, alkalis, ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, alkylene oxides, amides, epichlorohydrin, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, vinyl acetate. 

Water content is adjusted to the total surfactant concentration of 30-42 % wt. The residual sulphite in the product may be oxidised to sulphate. The sulphonation proceeds also well when using partially hydrated crystalline sodium sulphite in a jacketed shear-stress reactor. This process modification is especially appropriate for manufacturing concentrated sulphosuccinate monoesters as flakes or vermicelli (often with plasticisers and fillers added in situ) suitable in mild synthetic soap bars [78]. The Cn-ig alcohols (I), ethoxylated (x2-4 mole EO) alcohols (II), and fatty monoethanolamides (III) esters of sulphosuccinic acid, mainly as sodium and alkanolamine salts, are of most practical importance as very mild high-foaming surfactants useful for personal care products and in wool, fur, and leather treatment. Very mild disodium PEG-5 laurylcitrate sulphosuccinate (in combination with sodium lauryl ethersulphate) serve for cosmetics produced by Witco as "Rewopol SB CS 50". 

All sulphate and sulphonate anionics except hydrocarbon sulphonates can be acid-hydrolysed. In every case but one, namely a-sulphonated fatty esters, the hydrolysis destroys their surface activity and renders them incapable of titration with benzethonium chloride. In that exceptional case, the titration per molecule is doubled by the hydrolysis. All esters are decomposed by alkaline hydrolysis or saponification, but in the case of a-sulphonated fatty esters this is not a useful measurement because of the slow hydrolysis of the sulphonate group. Also, alkanolamides, particularly dialkanolamides, are hydrolysed slowly by the normal saponification process, and although this is not a useful method of analysis for them, the possibility of generating measurable amounts of soap and alkanolamine cannot be ignored when alkali-hydrolysing anionic esters. 

The non-extractable hydrolysis products are characteristic of the surfactant type, and include hydrogen ions, sulphate ions, glycerol, alkanolamines, sulphonated amino acids and sulphosuccinic acid. 

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